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Ustadh Abdullah responds to AminaWadud controversy |
Posted by: Tariqulislam1 - 03-13-2005, 03:16 AM - Forum: General
- Replies (1)
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As-Salaamu-Alaikum
Are women allowed to lead men in Salaat? Is there any foundation
for this in Islamic law? Ustadh Abdullah provides a detailed and
vigorous response to this controversial issue with clear proofs!!
Do you have a question for about Islam? Send them to Ustadh
Abdullah bin Hamid Ali! Please join us at:
http://groups.yahoo.com/group/Tariqul-Islam
Was-Salaam
Question:
Why cant muslims get with the modern times and allow women to
lead in prayer? Dr. Amina Wadud, professor of Islamic studies at
Virginia Commonwealth University, will be the first woman to lead a
public, mixed-gender Friday prayer in the modern day. Is there any
possible objection you can have to this historic event?
Ustadh Abdullah's Response:
Can a Woman Lead Men in Salat?
Let's get right to the point.
The first problem with this scheduled event is that the theme
is `Muslim Women Reclaim Right to Lead Prayer,' while it should
read `Muslim Women Claim Right to Lead Prayer,' since there is no
basis for the belief that it was ever a right for women to lead a
mixed-group prayer. And there are no explicit accounts of women ever
leading a mixed-group of men and women in prayer.
Three of the four Sunni Schools of law (Hanafis, Shafi'is, and
Hanbalis) permit for a woman to lead other women in prayer except
that the one leading is not to stand out in front of the row.[1]
Rather, she is to remain aligned in a single row with the other
women, so as not to appear to be leading as a man would. They base
this on the following reports:
1- Imam Baihaqi, Daraqutni, and Ibn Abi Shayba report from
Ra'ita Al-Hanafiyya that she said: "'Aisha led us. And she stood
between us during the obligatory prayer."
2- Ibn Abi Shayba and `Abdur-Razzaq Al-San'ani report by way of
Hujayra bint Husayn that she said: "Umm Salama led us in Salatul-
`Asr. And she stood between us."[2]
Imam Al-Nawawwi says about these two hadiths, Daraqutni and Baihaqi
related them with sahih chains.[3]
As for Imam Malik and the popular view held in the Maliki School,
any prayer that a woman leads others in – whether women, men, or
mixed – is invalid. Ali ibn Abi Talib is reported to have said, "The
woman is not to lead (Salat)."[4] This was also the view of Sulaiman
ibn Yasar and Al-Hasan Al-Basari.[5]
As for the other three schools, their position in general[6] was
that it is permitted for women to lead other women in Salat.
As for the cause of this disagreement, we can reasonably say that it
is the direct result of the different views of the Sahaba, in so
much as that 3 of the Imams adopted the views of Umm Salama
and `Aisha who were both wives of the Prophet – while Imam Malik and
those who held the same view accepted the report of `Ali ibn Abi
Talib -.
If we were Hanafis, it would be easy to resolve this matter by just
having everyone follow the particular Companion's opinion we deem
most worthy of following.
If one is a Maliki, it would similarly seem easy to resolve by just
ascertaining that there was a consensus found among the scholars of
Medinah during Malik's time that went contrary to these hadiths
supported by the majority.
But if a Muslim is one who champions the hadith of the Prophet and
doesn't place anything over it – as is the view of Shafi'i and
Ahmad, the solution would seem easy to resolve by simply relying on
the most authentic report found that demonstrates what the Prophet's
sunnah was in this regard, since it is possible that some Sahaba
heard what others may have not.
So after searching, we find that the strongest report found that
goes back to the Prophet is the following:
Abu Dawud reports that Umm Waraqa y said, "I said: "O Messenger of
Allah! Permit for me to participate in the raid with you. I'll nurse
your sick. Perhaps Allah will grant me martyrdom." He said: "Remain
in your house. For verily Allah I will grant you martyrdom." And she
asked his permission to take a muadhdhin in her home. And he allowed
her."
In another version Abu Dawud reports: "The Messenger of Allah e used
to visit her in her house. And he assigned to her a muadhdhin who
would make the summons to prayer (adhan) for her. And he ordered her
to lead the inhabitants of her home."
The hadith was reported by Baihaqi, Daraqutni, and Hakim. And Hakim
said, "Muslim advanced Al-Walid ibn Jami' (one of the narrators) as
being authoritative.[7] But this is a hadith with a single chain of
narration (sunnah ghariba). I don't know of any hadith with a
connected chain to the Prophet (musnad) in this chapter other than
this one." And Imam Dhahabi concurred with his findings[8].
Al-Mundhiri said, "Al-Walid ibn Jami' is the subject of dispute
(fihi maqal). And Muslim has reported through him." Ibn Al-Qattan
said, "Al-Walid's state isn't known."[9] Ibn Hibban mentioned him in
(his book) Al-Thiqat (Trustworthy Narrators).[10] And Ibn Hajar
said, "In its chain is `Abdur-Rahman ibn Khallad (a second
questionable narrator). And his status is unknown (fihi jahala)."
If this is true in that this report has two suspect narrators, Al-
Walid ibn Jami' and `Abdur-Rahman ibn Khallad, then this hadith
can't really have much if any authority.
And if it had not been for its weakness, it could be used by those
who argue for the right of women leading men in prayer to support
their argument even though the indications in the hadith are very
subtle. That is, the fact that it states that the Prophet – assigned
a muadhdhin for her and then ordered her to lead those in her house
in prayer, gives the impression that she led at least one man in
prayer who was likely a bondsman or unmarriageable relative of hers,
since she would only be allowed to keep the company of a bondsman or
a male relative, and men are usually those who make the call to
prayer.
One could just as well assume that the muadhdhin appointed by
Allah's Messenger e while presuming the hadith is authentic – was
another woman, and that Umm Waraqa led a group of women in prayer as
the other authentic reports make clear.[11]
But all of this is overshadowed by the weakness of the hadith. So it
falls as a basis for argument.
Another important point is that Imam Abu Ja'far Ibn Jarir Al-Tabari
(died 310 AH) held the view that a woman could lead Salat in spite
of it being a view never accepted by the Ummah, and it has never
been witnessed in all of Islamic history.[12]
Imam Al-Tabari was an absolute mujtahid and is known as the Imam of
the Exegetes (Mufassirin). But his school didn't thrive and it
didn't last as the 4 surviving schools did. So his view is extremely
ancient and contradicts what the Ummah later unanimously agreed upon
in that a woman cannot lead a man in prayer.
Add to that, it would difficult to know what exactly Imam Al-Tabari
based his ijtihad on today, since his school hasn't been preserved
with an unbroken chain as the 4 schools have. So are we to accept
his opinion just because it was an opinion without proper scrutiny
and research?
Furthermore, what lends to the understanding that a woman's proper
place is not leading a man in prayer are the following:
- If it was permissible, it would have been reported from
the Salaf.
- Since the Sunnah for women in prayer is for them to be
behind the men, it is known from that that it is not permitted for
them to be in front of them. For Abdullah bin Mas'ud said: "Put them
back to where Allah put them back." Al-San'ani and Tabarani reported
it. It is also mentioned in Majma' Al-Zawa'id. And for that reason,
some of the allowed them to lead other women, since they are all to
align straight in one row.
- The Prophet also said, "The best ranks of the men are
those at the front. And the worst of them are those at the back. And
the best ranks of the women are those at the back. And the worst of
them are those at the front."
And if the Messenger – had intended any other arrangement for women
in Salat, then we would have found him at least on one occasion
allow the women to pray directly behind him or for a woman to lead
the men in Salat.
So we are to understand that this is from the divinely inspired
direction of the Creator. And to contravene it would be to question
His wisdom. And to question His wisdom, would be to follow in the
footsteps on Satan. And to follow in the footsteps of Satan, one is
surely to be damned as he is.
So it becomes clear that such people who insist on the
permissibility of a woman leading men in prayer have nothing firm to
rely on in their position other than the following of their fancies
and what their lusts dictate to them.
The Issue of Apostasy
The next important question would be, are such people Muslims who
contravene the consensus of the Ummah, which upholds that a woman
leading men in prayer is prohibited?
The short answer is, no! But that `no' is a `no' that doesn't remove
the danger from being damned by the Almighty One.
In other words, the decisive consensus for Sunnis cannot be
violated. Were one to contravene that consensus, he/she would be
considered an apostate from Islam.
But this consensus is one that occurred after a well-known
disagreement due to the view of Al-Tabari and Abu Thawr. And
scholars have differed about whether or not contravening this kind
of consensus is enough to expel a person beyond the pale of Islam.
[13]
One can also reply that the Shiites do not consider consensus to
have the same authority that Sunnis do. And they do not accept it.
But we can reply that in spite of that Shiites do not allow for
women to lead men in prayer. So even though they may not consider it
to be a valid source of law, their practice shows that they share
with Sunnis in their traditional belief that a woman may not lead
the Jumu'a prayer or any other prayer for that matter unless it be a
woman leading other women in a prayer that is not Jumu'a.
So even if Shiites don't accept scholarly consensus as a valid
source of law, they do accept that Allah says in the Qur'an,
"Whoever splits from the Messenger after guidance has become clear
to him, and then follows other than the way of the believers, We
will turn him to what he has turned, and enter him into Hell. And
how evil a destination!"
[4:115]
And it is the way of the believers that from the time of the Prophet
e until now that no woman has ever been reported leading the Jumu'a
Prayer, Eid Prayer, or any other prayer when those being led were a
mix of men and women.
In the end, I seriously doubt that many people will be in attendance
at this event, at least not many real men or women.
We know that the enemies of Islam have many tactics they use in
trying to get a misdirected and emotional response out of the
Muslims. And perhaps they do that in order to produce a situation
where they can justify taking action against those they label as
extremists, radicals, terrorists, and fundamentalists.
I think that if people want to make up their own religion, let them
do as they like. We just ask them to give us a little respect and
not call it Islam, and don't call themselves Muslims. That's all.
Was Salam
Abdullah bin Hamid Ali
Ustadh Abdullah bin Hamid Ali is the first American to attend and
graduate from the University of Al- Qarawiyeen's Faculty of Shariah
The focus of his study was the understanding of the science of fiqh,
Usool Al-Fiqh, and`Aqeedah. He has studied under some of the top
scholars of Islam including Dr Abdullah Ghaazeewee, Professor of
Usool Al-Fiqh, Sheikh Muhammad At-Ta'weel, Muftee, Scholar, and
Professor of Usool Al-Fiqh, Sheikh Muhammad Al-Ghaazee Husainee,
Grand Muftee of Morocco and Professor of Al-Fiqh Al-Muqaaran, Sheikh
Ahmad Zweetin, Professor of Fiqhul-Hadeeth and many others!
Please visit us at http://lamppostproductions.org for more
interesting articles from a variety of Islamic scholars!
Footnotes:
---------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------
[1] This was also the view of Imams Awza'i and Thawri.
[2] Ibn Abi Shayba also reports from Umm Al-Hasan that she saw Umm
Salama lead the women. And she would stand with them in their rank.
[3] Al-Majmu' li al-Nawawwi: 4/173.
[4] Imam Sahnun reported it in Al-Mudawwana Al-Kubra from Ibn Wahb
from Ibn Abi Dhi'b from a client of Banu Hashim from `Ali ibn Abi
Talib that he said: "The women is not to lead." [Al-Mudawwana: 1/85]
[5] Al-Majmu' li Al-Nawawwi: 4/173.
[6] Abu Hanifa's view was that it was permitted but with dislike [Al-
Majmu': 4/173].
[7] Just because Imam Muslim relates a hadith on the authority of a
suspect narrator doesn't automatically make that narrator's reports
acceptable in other places, because Imam Muslim merely relates a
report from such a narrator when there are other versions of the
same report that strengthen it.
[8] Imam Hakim Al-Nisapuri has a book he wrote entitled `Al-
Mustadrak', which contains a number of hadiths that fulfill the
conditions of the Sahihs of Imams Bukhari and Muslim that neither of
them reported in their two books. But after the scholars had a close
look at Al-Mustadrak they found that many of the claims made by Imam
Hakim weren't true. For that reason, his claims of the hadiths
reported in that book are usually not accepted unless Imam Dhahabi
concurs with his findings.
[9] To be unknown (majhul) is of two kinds according to the scholars
of hadith. 1) To be an unknown person altogether (majhul al-`ayn),
and 2) to be of unknown status (majhul al-hal) such that a person
may be known but his character and memory will be unknown. Refer to
the books related to the science of hadith like Suyuti's Tadrib Al-
Rawi Sharh Taqrib Al-Nawawi.
[10] Simply to be mentioned in a book dedicated to trustworthy
narrators doesn't render a narrator to be trustworthy, because many
times the author will mention a kind of narrator whose mention
wasn't the original intent of the work. Add to that, a hadith isn't
authenticated just because its narrators are trustworthy.
[11] One might respond that the word used in the hadith was
muadhdhin – for the male – not `muadhdhinah' – for the female. So it
is clear that it was a male. If someone says this, we can respond by
saying two things: 1) Sometimes the male is used and the female is
intended as in most of the verses of the Qur'an and the hadiths, for
example, the hadith that states, "None of you will believe until he
loves for his brother what he loves for his self." Are we to assume
this hadith doesn't apply to women? 2) is that even if we accept
that the muadhdhin was male, the hadith is still not clear in that
he participated in the prayer, since it is possible that all he did
was call the adhan and then leave the room or the house.
[12] Bidaya al-Mujtahid: 1/206. Abu Thaur also held this view.
[13] Refer to Tuhfat Al-Murid Sharh Jawharat Al-Tawhid of Baijuri
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News from Spain |
Posted by: Kareem_Rasheed - 03-11-2005, 04:17 PM - Forum: Current Affairs
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Yesterday the muslims of Spain , did a very interesting thing --- they issued a Fatwah - condemning Bin-Laden as a heretic . Logic follows that more "fatwah's " be issued around the world , and for what reason ? terrorism and savagry of course .
What makes this so interesting is , it is a "first " . Coming on the 1st anniversary of the 3/11 bombing in Madrid , a formal and meaningfull condemnation from islam itself , of wanton murder and slaughter .[Gee I'm still waiting for American muslims -who up until now have only given "lip service " to such notions .]
However , optimism should be tempered with knowledge of other related events and words being spoken throughout the muslim hierarchy . Such as a renewed longing for " Andalusia " .
So either a milestone has been reached in islam regarding awareness of their error in thought , or Spain is getting ready to roll-over , and their muslim population senses it .
Words , international law , civilised behavior etc ., are meaningless in islam , however "fatwahs" count .
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The Bahai faith |
Posted by: Shereen - 03-11-2005, 10:12 AM - Forum: General
- Replies (8)
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Here in New Zealand too there is 'Bahai' faith. It's like many religious groups & beliefs in one faith. What kind of faith is that? They believe in someone named 'Bahaullah'. So what do they believe in? Do they believe in Allah? Would they be included as a 'sect' of Islam?
Share ur views & also information about the Bahai faith
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why we will not take what rashad khalifa is saying |
Posted by: Muslimah - 03-10-2005, 02:27 PM - Forum: Discussion of Beliefs
- Replies (6)
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Bismillah
as salam alykom
I was going to make this post under:
http://www.islamsms.com/bb//index.php?...=40entry17516
where our dear brother Wel_mel linked a site which ronniv used before and we deleted the link.
But I saw that this will be totally off topic, yet I really needed to help people see why we dont link him So I brought the topic here Insh a Allah. At the same time, I saw it is our duty to explain the major defects he is making in his approach towards Islam which actually invalidates his literature.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
I already looked into parts of the site before when ronniv used it. But today to be more honest, I spent more time. he is totally distorted even with meanings of words. Like he is confused between the arabic words of message and messenger saying that native arabic speakers know they are both the same, no they are not the same at all, how can the subject be the same as the noun. Basic grammer even in any language.
For everyone:
<b>Message: resalah
</b>
Messenger: rasoul
Big difference.
based on this, he takes the freedom of interpreting certain Ayahs in Quran accordingly which certainly creates much confusion on many levels.
Just exactly as he decided that the true and probably only miracle of Quran which makes it impossible to meet the challenge of Allah of producing a similar Surat (chapter) is the mathematical aspect in Quran which was only found on the 70s. La hawala wala qowata ila billah and for this he interprets an Ayahs of Surat Mutaffifeen:
1. Waylun lilmutaffifeena
2. Allatheena itha iktaloo AAala alnnasi yastawfoona
3. Wa-itha kaloohum aw wazanoohum yukhsiroona
4. Ala yathunnu ola-ika annahum mabAAoothoona
5. Liyawmin AAatheemin
6. <b>Yawma yaqoomu alnnasu lirabbi alAAalameena</b>
7. Kalla inna kitaba alfujjari lafee sijjeenin
8. Wama adraka ma sijjeenun
9. Kitabun <b>marqoomum</b>
The same underlined word is again repeated later in:
Kalla inna kitaba al-abrari lafee AAilliyyeena
19. Wama adraka ma AAilliyyoona
20. <b>Kitabun marqoomum</b>
Note that the same expression is repeated for both groups either fujar or the aailliyyoon.
Before getting into explanation, let me first put the translation of the Ayahs:
" Woe to Al-Mutaffifin [those who give less in measure and weight (decrease the rights of others)],* Those who, when they have to receive by measure from men, demand full measure,
* And when they have to give by measure or weight to men, give less than due.* <b>Think they not that they will be resurrected (for reckoning),</b>* On a Great Day, *The Day when (all) mankind will stand before the Lord of the 'Alameen (mankind, jinns and all that exists)?* Nay! Truly, the Record (writing of the deeds) of the Fujjaar (disbelievers, sinners, evil-doers and wicked) is (preserved) in Sijjeen.* And what will make you know what Sijjeen is?* A Register inscribed." (Quran 87:1-9)
Then again:
"Nay! Verily, the Record (writing of the deeds) of Al-Abraar (the pious who fear Allah and avoid evil), is (preserved) in 'Illiyyoon.* And what will make you know what 'Illiyyoon is?* A Register inscribed." (Quran 87:18-20)
As he is totally confused he is explaining the word marqoom, just because it is a derivative of the word raqam in arabic which means number, as the mathematic miracle of Quran. In this not only that he is limiting the miracle of Quran to one aspect, but also totally changing the meaning of the surah.
Physically this part of the surah as clearly stated in the translation is talking about when people will resurrect, because it begins with a serious warning to those who decrease the rights of others. Because it is a warning, Allah Is reminding those who do it with the Day of Resurrection during which our records which are stamped, well contained, fully detailed and assigned perfectly for each one without any possibility of confusion, will be presented before Allah. That is what Marqoom means and it is a description for the record, which is stated in the Arabic word as kitab. Kitab in Arabic means book, but here Allah Is using it as the record in which angles write (yaktub) our deeds, talk, writing, and all.
But he decides that marqoom is a mathematically structured and thus he makes the word kitab here which is the record as the Quran.
And these are not but an example of many distortions.
One last major point. The Quran being a miraculous book has many and multiple aspects, no I even say countless reasons for being so. Some reason we mankind were able to know throughout 1400, some are yet unknown to us.
But why it is miraculous because it is the work of the Creator, why no one can produce one letter like it, because it is Allah Who Sent it for us to follow.
Sobhan Allah
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Thoughts on death |
Posted by: Muslimah - 03-10-2005, 11:48 AM - Forum: "And remind for reminding benefit the believers
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Assalaamu alaikum.
Not many of us like to think about death. Yet it is as important
(perhaps even more important) to our eventual eternal life than
which is this life.
So many of us get wrapped up in our daily living, that we tend to
forget about the eventual death of this life.
And so many of us consider the topic of death to be so morbid that
we simply put it to the back of our minds, burying it behind the
struggle of the daily life.
Yet, in order to properly put all things into focus, and to truly
work towards an eternal life of bliss and peacefulness, we should
and must think about the death of this life, and what it means, and
how to properly prepare for it.
Just as nearly anyone regardless of religious preference may prepare
for a trip by packing their baggage and taking along provisions for
the journey, so we should also prepare for that final journey which
takes us out of this life and ushers us along our way towards the
eternal life.
Ask yourself today...what have you prepared in way of provisions??
What have you packed in your baggage? Are all things ready if you
are called instantly??
In the ahadith, there is evidence that the prophet(SAAW) sometimes
uttered a supplication seeking Allah's protection from the instant
and un-announced death.
With some further exploration into this matter, we come to
understand that the instant and un-announced death is something
which comes along suddenly, with little if any fore-warning. Such as
those who are taken in a sudden crash or with a sudden heart attack
or similar fate. Or perhaps those who simply fall asleep to never
awake again.
Think about it. In such an instant of sudden and un-announced
death...does the individual have the chance to bid farewell to
his/her loved ones? Does the individual have the last chance to make
things right with others of this world? And...most important and
most vivid...does the individual have the chance and fore-warning
that something is coming along, so as to state or utter the
shadahah???
This is truly frightening indeed.
Our beloved prophet(SAAW) was also recorded to ask Allah for the
betterment of the last moment (hasn-al-khaatimah). This means to ask
Allah for the best possible last moment of this life, in the hopes
that we will be judged according to that last moment, and not all
the moments and opportunities preceding it.
May Allah be so merciful to us all.
Also in some of the ahadith, it is mentioned that one of the signs
of the coming of the Last Day is the increase in the occurance of
sudden or un-announced deaths.
As regards all this, I would like to relay to you some real-life
instances which have happened in my community in the past 2-3 weeks.
A strong reminder for us all...that there is truly no guarantee that
we will indeed live for the next moment. And the most strong
reminder that we need to be up to date in our various forms of
worship, and we need to take heed of importantly saying our prayers
and supplications.
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Who are guarding the Americans? |
Posted by: Rehmat - 03-09-2005, 02:17 PM - Forum: General
- Replies (2)
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The same people who killed 3,000 of Americans on September 11, 2001.
The Communist Revolutionaries financed by Russian Jewish Crime-Mafia used corruption and criminalism as instruments. Soviet intelligence operatives were literally retrained as criminals and infiltrated into Europe and the US. The US intelligence community (CIA, FBI) also is used to foster moral corruption partly to blackmail and bribe holders of public office. No elected official can move.
In this coup d'etat by installments, the US intelligence community has impregnated and corrupted the republican form of democratic governance by blackmail...and by always ensuring that its own personnel occupy the most important policymaking posts. In this respect there is no difference between the US and Soviet Systems.
This is literally true in terms of personnel. The list of "former" KBG generals working for the new Dept of Homeland Security includes Yevgeny Primakov, Alaxander Karpov and Oleg Kalugin. These men continue to serve the covert Communist Party of the Soviet Union.
The Dept. of Homeland Security, headed by Israeli-US joint citizen Michael Chertoff, is accountable to the most pro-Israeli President Bush only. Its entire dealings are secret. It operates with impunity.
(Source: Christopher Story in "The New Underworld Order: Triumph of Criminalism and the Global Hegemony of Masonic Intelligence”)
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The Prophet (pbuh) and the Yahudi poets |
Posted by: Rehmat - 03-09-2005, 02:07 PM - Forum: General
- Replies (2)
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Disparaging a prophet of God is an old tradition of the Yahuds. The Prophet (pbuh) was no exception to that rule. The Yahuds of Medinnah had sharp tongues and a sick sense of
humour, and did not miss an opportunity of ridiculing the Prophet (pbuh).
After the Hijrah, the Quraish of Makkah joined forces with these Yahuds to stop the progress of Islam. The hypocrites (Munafiqoon) were already there, ready to stab he Muslims from behind. Apart from intrigue and war, they also employed the
communications network for anti-Muslim propaganda (which is still carried out on every Muslim website). One of the propagandist poet, Abu Afak, who accused the Mulims of Medinnah of dishonouring themselves by sbmitting to an outsider; he taunted the children of Qayla (the Aws and the Khazraj):
“I have lived a long time, but I have never seen
Either a house or gathering of People
More loyal and faithful to
Its allies, when they call on it,
Than the children of Qayla.
The mountains will crumble before they submit
Yet here is a rider come among them who have divided them,
He says ‘this is permitted; this forbidden’
To all kinds of things.
But if you believe in power
And in might, why did you not follow a tuba (a South
Arabian king)?"
Kab was elected chief of Yahuds, replacing Malik b. al-Sayf, who also lamented the defeat of Quraish at Badr:
"Drive out that fool of yours that you maybe safe
From talk that has no sense!
Do you taunt me because I shed tears
For people who loved me sincerely?
As long as I live I shall weep and remember
The merits of people whose glory is the house of Makkah."
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