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  Utrujj - Knowledge & Creativity Presents: Spring Courses
Posted by: Muslimah - 02-11-2004, 07:06 AM - Forum: Islamic Events - No Replies


Assalلmu `alaykum,

Utrujj - Knowledge & Creativity Presents: Spring Courses on

Islamic Business Studies; How To Prayer ; The Qur'an Explained;

An-Nawawi's Forty Hadiths; Purification Of The Soul;

Finding Your Way Back; Etiquettes of Seeking Knowledge;

Delivered to you by Shaykh Haythem Tamim*

For more info call 0845 644 0619 or 07960 324 325.

1. The Shariah and Your Business - The Jurisprudence of Transactions - (Fiqh

of Mu'amalat )

Are you a Muslim Businessman ? Or are you a student who wants to get into

business later ?

Abu Huraira narrated that the Prophet said: A time will come upon the people

when one will not care how one gains one's money, legally or illegally.

(Bukhari)

Abu Said related that the Prophet said: The truthful and trustworthy

businessman will be in the company of Prophets, saints and martyrs on the

Day of Judgment. (Darimi, Tirmidhi)

Jabir related that the Prophet said: May Allah show mercy to a man who is

kind when he sells, when he buys, and when he makes a claim. (Bukhari)

Either way Islam obliges you to know what the Shariah says about business !

This course is an INTRODUCTION to the Islamic concepts, principles and

ruling of the different types of business transactions as manifested in

the theories on contracts (of selling, buying, renting,

cancelling,sharing.), thus proving the appropriateness of the Islamic

Shariah to all life activities in all times and periods. Course aims to

cover the following ;

Islamic law, Fiqh and Mu'amalat

Riba vs. Interest

Gharar or Dubiousness in Contract:

Business contracts recognised in Islamic law

Basic Shariah Principles of Business Contracts

Definition, Nature and Different Classification of the Islamic Business

Contracts

Partnership contracts in Islamic law;

Musharaka (equity participation)

Mudaraba (profit-sharing)

Combination of both Musharaka & Mudaraba.

Murabaha - Basic rules

Mu-ajil - a credit sale

Ijara (Leasing)

Advance Purchase Principle : Bai-Salam, Istisnaa (Progressive Financing)

Principles of Shariah governing investment funds

Project financing in Islamic law

Business Ethics in Islam

Duration: 7 weeks every Wednesday evenings between 6.30pm - 8.30pm

Starting from 18th February - 31 March 2004

Venue: London

2. The Last Juz of the Qur'an ; Tafseer (explanation)

Have you always wanted to understand the Quran & have it explained?

If not the whole Quran but at least some of the well known verses !

Not enough time ? Well here's you chance !

The course will cover the following Surah's :

104. Humazah - The Slanderer

103. Asr -The Declining Day, Eventide, The Epoch

102. Takathur - Rivalry In World Increase, Competition

101. Al-Qariya -The Calamity, The Stunning Blow, The Disaster

100. Aadiyaat - The Courser, The Chargers

99. Zilzaal - The Earthquake

98. Baiyina -The Clear Proof, Evidence

97. Qadr - Power, Fate

96. Iqraa -The Clot, Read!

95. Tiin -The Fig, The Figtree

94. Inshiraah -Solace, Consolation, Relief

Duration: 7 weeks every Tuesday evenings between 6.30pm - 8.30pm

Starting from 17th February - 30th March 2004

Venue: London

3.

ALL YOU NEED TO KNOW ABOUT PRAYER - Fiqh of Worship (Fiqh of Al 'Ibadaat )

One day intensive course on 'Prayer (salah or namaz)'.

The Prophet(saw) said: ' ..Pray as you have seen me praying'. (Narrated by

Bukhari).

'We got to prayer to make it today ' - MC Hammer ! True - but many Muslims

'simply' don't know how to prayer !

Common questions like on how to correct mistakes during prayer ? How many

rakah's ? What surah's & dua should I say ?

Too embarrassed to ask ? Have you always a wanted to know the different

types of prayers for different occasions ?

Course will cover:

Prayer: Why? Obligation & Aims.

Pre-requisite & Preparation; Establish a Sutrah; Intention; Wudu:

Definition, Method, Conditions & Doubts.

How to Perform the Prayer :Method Of Azan & Iqaamah; Positions, Rakat;

Surah's etc..

Conditions, Obligations, Sunan's & the Ettiqutes of prayer.

What Invalidates It & what doesn't Invalidate It & Disliked Acts

Mistakes made during prayer & how to rectify them

Types of Prayers:

The 5 congregational prayers (Fajr, Zhur, Asr, Maghrib & Isha) , Jumu'ah

Salah (Friday), Eids, Ramadan, Death(Janaza), Night(Tahajjud),

Tawbah(Forgiveness), Seeking Help(Hajah), making decisions (Istikharah ),

Nawafil Salah & many more for many other occasions.

Group Salah

Prayer at the Masjid ; If Imam Errors

Salah at work

Misc:

Performing Masah Over Ordinary Socks, over bandages ,

How to achieve Khushoo' in Salaah;

The Traveller Prayer's ;

Safety ;

Tayammum

Various dua's

Inner & spiritual dimensions of salaah.

Date: Saturday 6th March 2004

Time: 10am - 6pm

Venue: London

4. An-Nawawi's Forty Hadiths : This collection of forty hadith by one of the

most famous Islamic

scholars & compiler of hadith, Imam An-Nawawi, is generally regarded as the

most popular anthology

and the best introduction to the study of the Prophet’s sayings, which,

together with the Qur’an,

contain the essential teachings of Islam. The book is known as "An-Nawawi's

Forty Hadiths".

Dates:

Part II : Saturday 13th March - Sunday 14th March 2004

Part III : Saturday 10th April - Sunday 11th April 2004

Part IV : Saturday 8th May - Sunday 9th May 2004

Venue: Leeds Metropolitan University, Becketts Park Campus, Leeds, LS1 3HE

5. Purification Of The Soul : Are feeling spiritually down ? Fed up ? Can't

help it ?

The Lord Allah (swt) says that on the Day of Judgement, nothing will be of

any use to us, except a

sound heart (qalbun salîm). [Qur'an, 26:89]

And in a famous hadith, the Prophet (saw), says that "Verily in the body

there is a piece of

flesh. If it is sound, the body is all sound. If it is corrupt, the body is

all corrupt. Verily,

it is the heart. [sahih, Muslim & Bukhari]

Want some guidance in dealing with hatred, heedlessness, infidelity, lying,

pride and many other

diseases of the hearts. Well its time to visit 'The White Heart Clinic' !

The aim of this course is to develop an understanding of the spiritual

states and traits of

character, and provide the means for the individual to assess and improve

these in themselves.

Dates: Saturday 21st February - Sunday 22nd February 2004

Venue: University of Bradford, Bradford, West Yorkshire, BD7 1DP

Dates: Saturday 27th March - Sunday 28th March 2004,

Venue: University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology (UMIST),

Reynolds Building

Lecture Theatre C2, Manchester, M60 1QD

6. Finding Your Way Back - A fast track course for recently practicing

muslims & reverts.

With the recents global events many muslims have rediscovered their

religion, Alhumdullilah!

However their ignorant past still alludes them.

This course will inshallah discuss the spiritual & practical aspects of

correcting the past &

looking towards the future.

For many converts to islam, the starting point of learning islam is their

biggest obstacle !

Where do I start from? Inshallah, this course will answer many of their

questions.

Dates: Saturday 28th February - Sunday 29th February 2004

Venue: University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology (UMIST),

Reynolds Building

Lecture Theatre C2, Manchester, M60 1QD

7. Etiquettes of Seeking Knowledge: There is a certain amount of etiquette

for seeking knowledge

which the seeker of knowledge should follow.

To adorn oneself with beautiful etiquette, noble manners, good behavior and

pious conduct are

distinguishing characteristics of the people of Islaam, and knowledge - the

most precious pearl in the crown cannot be attained except by those who

adorn themselves with its etiquette and those who leave evil qualities

associated to it. For this reason the scholars devoted their

attention to this etiquette, outlined its importance and wrote books solely

on this topic;

either pertaining to [general conduct] with all types of knowledge or to

specific types

of knowledge such as the etiquette of the carriers of the Noble Quran, the

etiquette of the

muhaddith, the etiquette of the muftee, the etiquette of the qaadee (judge),

the etiquette of the muhtasib (the one who enjoins good and forbids evil for

the sake of Allaah) and so on.

Dates: Saturday 22nd May - Sunday 23rd May 2004

Venue: University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology (UMIST),

Reynolds Building

Lecture Theatre C2, Manchester, M60 1QD

About the Teacher;

*Shaykh Haytham Tamim has studied Shariah for over 16 years and has

accreditation (ijaaza's) in recitation, interpretation and Sciences of the

Qur'an, Hadith and Fiqh from the scholars of Sham,Medina and Indian

subcontinent. Aswell as verifying (tahqiq) over 20 books, his specialities

include comparative Fiqh, Usool and Hadith. This vast knowledge is harnessed

with extensive teaching experience, he has taught students for over 12 years

innumerous countries. He has served as a lecturer of Comparative Fiqh for

many years at the Islamic University of Beirut and also as a lecturer of

Hadith and Seerah at the Azhar Lubnan Academy, Lebanon. Some of his teachers

include: Shaykh Professor Wahbah az-Zuhayli (Syria); Shaykh Professor Saeed

Ramadan al-Bouti (Syria); Mullah Abdul Aleem az-Zanki (Syria); Shaykh Abdul

Fattah abu Ghuddah (Riyad); Shaykh Professor Mustafa al-Azzami (Riyad/India)

& many others. He is also the founder of Utrujj, London's Premier Islamic

Institution & is the main teacher.

HURRY BEFORE PLACES GO! LIMITED PLACES LEFT !

To book or for more information please call 0845 644 0619 or 07960 324 325

Email us at info@utrujj.org

Visit our website at www.utrujj.org

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  orientalists
Posted by: saalik - 02-10-2004, 12:26 PM - Forum: Discussion of Beliefs - Replies (1)


Assalaamu alaikum.

I write this to all of the brothers and sisters wasting their time with john doe and his ilk...

To try to impart knowledge is one thing but to continue to try to show people that are not really looking for the truth is another.

I believe this person is only trying to "bait" Muslims and NOT find the truth.

If the truth was being sought then so much time being spent on "extraneous" questions regarding things such as "does anybody know when the Qur'an was written down???" would not be needed.

The real questions should be.....

1. Do I believe in God/Allah?

2. Do I believe that Muhammad (pbuh) was his last messenger?

3. How do I behave to please Allah and try for the position in paradise.

Wasalaam.

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  Inshallah Inshallah
Posted by: amma - 02-09-2004, 09:50 PM - Forum: Usama - Replies (1)


A few years back, I came across a children’s book entitled Horton Hatches the Egg by Dr. Seuss that left such an impact on me that I wrote an article about it. The book is available in the children’s section of most public libraries; however, for those of you who may not be so inspired as to actually look for it, I will briefly summarize it here.

Horton, the elephant, is convinced by a lazy, ungrateful bird by the name of Mayzie to sit on the egg she has recently laid in her nest so that she might take a break. She promises Horton that she’ll be right back, and although he initially thinks it quite ridiculous that as huge as he is, he could actually climb a tree to sit on a tiny egg, being the kind, considerate, helpful elephant that he is, he finally consents to helping her out — trusting that she’ll keep her word:

“Very well,” said the elephant, “since you insist... You want a vacation. Go fly off and take it. I’ll sit on your egg and I’ll try not to break it. I’ll stay and be faithful. I mean what I say.”

On the other hand, Mayzie has other things in mind...

“But, Mayzie, by this time, was far beyond reach. Enjoying the sunshine way off in Palm Beach, and having such fun, such a wonderful rest, decided she’d never go back to her nest.”

That night, Horton sits on the egg through a terrible thunderstorm. The summer passes by, autumn comes and goes, and soon it is winter:

“With its snow and sleet, icicles hung from Horton’s trunk and his feet… But Horton kept sitting, and said with a sneeze, I’ll stay on this egg and I won’t let it freeze. I meant what I said and I said what I meant. An elephant’s faithful one hundred per cent!”

When spring rolls around, all of Horton’s friends come to get him to play. Finding him still on the egg, they taunt and tease him, saying he thinks he’s a bird...

“They laugh and they laugh; then they all run away. And Horton was lonely… He wanted to play. But he sat on the egg and continued to say: “I meant what I said and I said what I meant. An elephant’s faithful one hundred percent.”

Then fate has it that three hunters sneak up on him, but Horton maintains his post — even in the face of their intimidating weapons. Thinking him quite odd, they decide to spare his life, but they cart him off to a traveling circus in a faraway land where he becomes quite a popular spectacle and brings in quite a sum of money for the circus owners.

One day, believe it or not, Horton and his egg that he has been faithfully guarding end up in Palm Beach and who, of all birds, passes by but Lazy Mayzie. Before Horton can admonish her, the egg that he’s been sitting on for 51 whole weeks starts to hatch. And Mayzie, being the lazy and ungrateful bird that she is, actually tries to reclaim the egg. But fate won’t have that and when the egg hatches, it has ears, a tail and a trunk just like Horton’s. It’s an elephant-bird. The audience cheers, and they send Horton and his new baby back to his faraway home.

How many lessons from the Qur’an and the Sunnah of Prophet Muhammad (SAW) can we find reinforced in this simple children’s story (incidentally, written by a non-Muslim author)? Most of us could learn a thing or two from Horton’s faithfulness, steadfastness, and sincerity.

First, Allah (swt) says in Al Qur’an, Suratul Kahf, (18:23-4): “And do not say of anything, ‘I will do that tomorrow,’ without adding, ‘If Allah wills.’ And remember your Lord when you forget, and say: ‘May Allah guide me and bring me the truth’.”

In today’s world, I often find the flipside of this injunction to be the case. How many times do we, without the least bit of sincerity in our hearts, answer, “Insha’Allah,” when we are asked to do something? Instead of being honest and straightforward, or making a genuine effort to honor our word.

When we are not sincere in answering, “Insha’Allah,” chances are that we will end up doing nothing — or perhaps quite the opposite of what we are asked to do.

So why is it that we respond with “Insha’Allah” over and over again — without sincerity in our hearts? Wouldn’t it be so much more honorable and pleasing to Allah to simply say that we are unable or unwilling to comply?

A Muslim’s word should be his bond. Truly, it is in Allah’s hands that anything happens and, truly, we should not commit to anything without uttering, “Insha’Allah.” But “Insha’Allah” should not be an easy way out of (and “Masha’ Allah,” the excuse for) what we don’t have the slightest intention to even try to do.

The Believer is faithful, reliable, and trustworthy, and honors his/her covenants. In Suratul Maida (5:1), Allah says, “O ye who believe! Fulfill your obligations and covenants.” Again, in Suratul Muminun (23:8), we find one of the characteristics of the Believers: “Those who faithfully observe their trusts and covenants.” And in Suratul Saff (61:2-3): “O Ye who believe! Why say that which ye do not? Grievously odious is it in the sight of Allah that ye say that which ye do not.”

We all should take a moment and reflect on how true we are to our word. If asked, would most of our acquaintances describe us as faithful, loyal, reliable and trustworthy?

Our practice of Islam has to be more than a mere profession with our lips. Our actions must be consistent with what we say we believe. If we indeed believe in Allah and have submitted ourselves as Muslims, how can we say one thing and do another?

Do we simply forget our promises, or do we somehow feel that it doesn’t really matter when we do not fulfill them? We should put ourselves in others’ shoes more often, and consider how we feel when people do not honor their commitments to us.

How do we feel when our spouses do not fulfill their responsibilities to us as laid out in our marriage contracts? How do we feel when our employers do not pay us on time, or at a lesser rate than agreed upon?

Are we not disappointed or even angry when someone does not repay a loan according to the terms we set? What about when someone does not show up or is very late for an appointment?

It is very important — in Allah’s eyesight and in relationship and community building — that we learn to honor our commitments. Because the first question in the matter really is, “Who do we choose to emulate, Horton or Lazy Mayzie?”

www.interactiveislam.com

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  Changed avatar settings
Posted by: Muslimah - 02-09-2004, 11:20 AM - Forum: General - Replies (2)


as salam alykom brothers and sisters and peace to others

Alhamdulelah, I finally edited avatar setting to allow u a larger size.

Alhamdulelah, and I also finally have one.

sorry for the delay

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  Evil effect of Taqleed
Posted by: Abu Dujanah - 02-08-2004, 11:40 PM - Forum: Islam - No Replies


Assalamu' Alaykum

I was reading ash-Shinqeetee's Tafseer, Adwaa' ul-Bayaan, on Soorat Muhammad. And he, Rahimahullaahu Ta3aalaa, made a good point, that through Taqleed of the 4 Madhhabs it was easier for the Kuffaar to win over followers from the Muslims, into accepting manmade laws, through their ideological warfare. When the Muslims thought of their laws as being the words of some men, who passed away, like the students of the students of the students of Aboo Haneefah, then they didn't think it was a big difference between that and manmade laws (even though there is a difference between the two). The Sharee3ah's awe was removed from their hearts. But if they were practicng the Sharee3ah because of the statements of Allaah and His Messenger, and because of awareness, knowledge and familiarity with the revelation, such a loss would have been much much more difficult to accomplish. Since the words of Allaah and His Messenger bring about an awe, respect, and love, in the Muslim heart which the words of others does not bring about.

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  Al Thikr
Posted by: masriahmuslimah - 02-08-2004, 07:55 AM - Forum: "And remind for reminding benefit the believers - Replies (4)


Asalam~O~Alykum

How is everyone doing? yah and happy Eid. Sorry. I know its too late. Anyways I want to talk about el thikr. I know that all of us know it, but some of us do it and some don’t, but I want to tell you about my experience in this issue. I was depressed and feeling sad. I was so confused and at the same time no one could help me with my problem. I have been asking my friends and family for help, but no one seemed to have the answer for my problem. At that time I never realized that I was supposed to ask Allah first before anyone. Until one day I discovered that no one could help me, but Allah. After all this time searching for ppl to help me I found out that they can’t help themselves. So one day one of my friends told me to spend some time making thikr. Although I heard that in tapes for many sheikhs talking on how important thikr is to our life. I was lazy to do what the tapes said. I still didn’t considered it a major thing in my life. Until when I decided to start making thikr. Since then I have been using it until now. I never leave a day without making thikr. Al7amdullah you will never believe how much I feel secure and comfortable and this feeling no one can give it to u except Allah so I want all of you just try to fight the devil and also fight yourself by using thikr and inshallah you will see the difference.

If you think thikr is to much then start with 10 mins of thikr a day. Then keep on adding until u could reach your maximum. Don’t fell shocked that I am telling u to do this, but it really helps. Why can’t u spend 10 mins for Allah and you can spend 5hr in front of the TV? Believe me if u start doing thikr everyday u will c how Allah will reward u and how ur up coming days will be more and more happier than ever.

Salam~~~~~~~~~~~Masriahmuslimah

P.S. Plz pray 4 me and 4 my friend who gave me this advise.

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  Creation of the Hellfire
Posted by: Abu Ismaeel - 02-08-2004, 02:23 AM - Forum: General - Replies (8)


Assalaamu 'Alaikum wa RahmatAllahi wa Barakatuh.

Recently, I heard something that caught my attention in a lecture off a CD by Anwar Al-Awlaki from his set titled "The Hereafter". It was in regard to the creation of the Hellfire.

He said that when Allah created the Hellfire it was blue and He burned it for 1000 years and then it turned white. He then burned it for another 1000 years until it turned black. It was something along these lines.

If anyone has a Hadeeth or excerpt from the Qur'an to back this statement up, it would be very nice.

What brought this to my attention lately is that I was reading up on Quantum Theory as part of my homework for Chemistry. It states in the book the following:

Kirchhoff was interested in the light emitted by blackbodies. The term "blackbody" is used to describe an ideal, perfectly black object that does not reflect any light, and emits various forms of light (electromagnetic radiation) as a result of its temperature.

As a solid is heated to higher and higher temperatures, it begins to glow. Initially, it appears red and then becomes white when the temperature increases. Recall that white light is a combination of all colours, so the light emitted by the hotter object must now be accompanied by, for example, blue light.

I concluded that there may be a connection and here another scientific fact proven earlier in the times of Muhammad SAWS, possibly?

AstaghfirAllah, and forgive me if I'm wrong. Any input would be appreciated. JazakAllahukhair.

Assalaamu 'Alaikum wa RahmatAllahi wa Barakatuh.

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  We beg for Khalifa--but nothing is being done...
Posted by: AhmedSyed - 02-07-2004, 08:41 PM - Forum: General - Replies (1)


Salams,

The Muslim world today is like a plant. A plant that has not been watered by their gardner. They are thirsty for water, they yearn for it.

But no water. The soil is dry and cracked, the stem is piable, and the petals are yellow. And the plant anxiously awaits the water that will rejuvenate it.

What is this water that is so necessary? Why can they not cope without it?

Muslims, this water is the Khalifa. Its purity will erase the cracked soil and add greenary back into the plant (the ummah).

This water will fortify the stem, and raise the plant higher then its former glory.

Muslims! We have faced odds greater then what we face now!

What happened to the Muslims who fought Badr? Did they give up in their hope of a land ruled by justice? No...and against all odds they fought and were crowned victorious.

What must we derive from this lesson? We can start out by thinking...it is what seperates us from the status quo.

Oh Muslims! It is the pen that starts the uphevel not the sword!

I will leave you with a thought...what does our garden (the ummah) look like today? Is it green? Is it blossoming? What does it look like--are the plants struggling for their survival?

So what can we do to bring the water to us?

Are you a gardener?

Wa'Salam

Your Brother in Islam and Humanity,

Ahmed Syed

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  Can Anyone Help Meeeeea!!!
Posted by: naseeha - 02-07-2004, 07:34 PM - Forum: Learning Arabic - Replies (2)


as salaamu alaikum wa rahmatullah... can any one help me with this....

i live in a non muslim english country... and i want to learn to speak arabic... i can already read the language... but i want to learn to speak...

what i am looking for is an audio tape, cd mp3 download that can help me with this... if i get it maybe i can get better with it insha allah......

can any one direct me to a proper download

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  Hajj tragedy fails to stop faithful
Posted by: Muslimah - 02-07-2004, 04:04 PM - Forum: Current Affairs - No Replies


http://english.aljazeera.net/NR/exeres/2B6...05820FCC886.htm

Tuesday 03 February 2004, 14:02 Makka Time, 11:02 GMT

Stampedes have become a regular feature during the stoning ritual

About two million pilgrims joined the final ritual of the annual Hajj on Tuesday despite the deaths of 251 people in a stampede on Sunday.

Several hundred policemen kept watch over the proceedings on the last day of the pilgrimage.

Monday's event passed off "without any incident", health ministry spokesman Khalid al-Mirghalani said, denying an earlier official statement that dozens of pilgrims had been taken to hospital after a "minor stampede".

The ministry said 47 people remained in hospital out of 240 injured in Sunday's crush.

Apart from the 251 people killed in the stampede, another 272 pilgrims had died of natural causes during the pilgrimage, Hajj Minister Iyad Madani said.

After repeated human tragedies over the years, King Fahd issued a royal decree overnight on Sunday to modernise the holy cities in a 20-year project.

And the council of grand ulama, the highest religious body in Saudi Arabia, said it would meet on Thursday in Makka to seek a solution to halt the stampedes.

Grand Mufti Shaikh Abd al-Aziz explained Sunday's stampede as "the will of God", but stressed the council intended "to seek by all means to avoid similar accidents" in the future.

The Jamarat, the name given to the place where pilgrims symbolically stone three pillars representing the devil, has been a regular troublespot during the several day pilgrimage.

Over three days, hundreds of thousands of pilgrims converge on the narrow site set in the valley of Mina, several miles east of Makka. The construction of a flyover to reduce congestion has failed to halt the tragedies.

Dying in Makka

Dying while on Hajj is considered

to be very auspicious

The deaths have not shocked many people, with several pilgrims certain that those who die during Hajj enter paradise.

"I wish I was among the pilgrims who died on Sunday," Kamal Shahada, an Egyptian pilgrim, said.

"I would have gone to heaven, because dying in these holy sites of Islam would assure one a place in heaven," he said, echoing a widespread conviction in the Islamic world.

Libyan Muhammad Taylamun agreed. "The two million faithful who gathered every year at the holy sites for the pilgrimage hope to have the honour of being buried in this sacred soil," he said.

The scale of the tragedy which cast a shadow over the Hajj

certainly provoked compassion among the gathering, but fatalism predominates among "the guests of God".

"Those who died will be missed by their families and friends but they have a chance no one else can have by dying on the holy land of Islam where they are then buried," said a Bangladeshi.

Ancient belief

King Fahd has ordered the holy

cities to be modernised

"When our ancestors left for the pilgrimage to Makka they bid farewell to their friends and set off by camel or boat for a journey which often lasted several months each way," said Abd Allah Muhammad, a Senegalese.

"The death of a pilgrim, which would be known only when the caravan returned, was met with respect and piety because of the honour accorded to he who ended his days in Makka and the holy sites in Saudi Arabia," he said.

Last year 14 pilgrims were killed in a stampede during the first day of the stoning ritual and 35 in 2001, while the 1998 Haj saw 118 killed and more than 180 hurt at the pillars.

The worst Hajj disaster struck in July 1990, when 1426 pilgrims were trampled or asphyxiated to death in a tunnel in Mina.

Numerous other deaths have been caused by fires in the pilgrims' camps.

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