Various Rules

[Muslimah]

As Salam Alykom

I got this further explanation from another board saw to add it here:

The particle 'maa' is for negating the past tense verb...e.g. maa fahimtu (I didn't understand).

lam...is a jazm giving partical and it enters upon the present tense verb (mudhari e.g. yafhamu)...makes the last letters sakin...and it changes the meaning from present tense to the past and negates it just like 'maa'...so esencially lam afham means the same as maa fahimtu i.e. I did not understand. Howevere, there is a slight degree of emphasis in lam which is not in maa...like in terms of usage you would choose the simple maa fahimtu..when ur listener requires simple information...if the listener is in doubt or actuall arguing with u, you would use the lam afham...

Laa in arabic is two types...one that comes on the present tense verb and negates it...like laa yansuru...simply means 'he does not help'...this laa is not a governing agent i.e. it does not change the last letter of the verb.

The other laa is the 'nahi laa' the one for prohibition...this one like lam makes the last letter of the verb sakin..look at the difference.

1. laa tansuru..You do not help

2. Laa tansur...Don't help

laysa.....is a verb unlike the first three for they were all particals..

laysa enters upon the ismiyyah sentence (subject and predicate)...and alters the gramatical state of both...like if you had al-Muallimu Hadirun (the teacher is present)..then you add laysa to the front..it will now read laysa al-Mualimu haadiran (the teacher is not present)...Note the hadiran...before it was haadirun...so the last letter changed from dhammas to fathas...laysa did that..

[Muslimah]

As Salam Alykom

There are three types of plural form:

Perfect feminine plural جمع مؤنث سالم

Perfect masculin plural جمع مذكر سالم

Irregular جمع تكسير

Now as for the 1st:

Any fminine word (ending with a ta marbouta) is changed into plural by adding at the end alef and ta ات:

Such as:

جميلة جميلات تلميذة تلميذات طاولة طاولات

tawelah tawelat telmeedha telmeedhat jamilah jameelat

table tables student students pretty

2nd:

Any masculine word is changed into plural by adding at the end either waw noun or ya noun according to its position in the sentence such as:

فلاح فلاحون أو فلاحين مدرس مدرسون أو مدرسين

fallah fallahoun or fallaheen modares modaresoon or modareseen

farmer farmers teacher teachers

Now we come to the irregular, actually it has no rule and u gain knowledge about it by reading and practice such as:

رجل رجال قدم أقدام أم أمهات حائط حوائط

rajul rejal qadam aqdam um ummahat ha-et hawa-et

Man men, foot feet, mother mothers, wall walls

we may need to create a list that develops by time for the irregular plural Insh a Allah

[Muslimah]

as salam alykom

As for the irregular form of plural ja`a takseer جمع تكسير

It is called so because it breaks the rule of plural

In the following we will include a number of words that follow the jama`a takseer rule:

أرض أراضين

ard aradeen

earth earths

سماء سموات

sama-a samawat

skies skies

بضاعة بضائع

beda`ah bada-e`a

commodity commodities

لحم لحوم

lahm lohoum

meet I guess no plural in english am I right???

غلام غلمان

ghulam ghelman

young boy young boys

Insh a Allah we will keep trying to build a list here, since u only gain knowledge of them by practice

[Muslimah]

As Salam Alykom

The difference between lee and a`andi

لى وعندى

Both are possession particles. But used in different locations.

So now lee is used for things given permenantly like i can say:

لى عينين ويدين وقدمين

ly a`aynayn, wa yadayn wa qadamyn

I have two eyes, two hands, two feet

لى سيارة ولى بيت ولى أب وأم

lee sayrah, lee bayt, lee ub wa umm

I have a car, a house, a father and mother

As in quran check Suratu Al balad ayahs 8-9 Allah say naja`al lahu.

while a`andi is for the things that u have them on temporary bases.

like u say:عندى وقت فراغ

عندى أصدقائى

عندى طعام

a`andi waqt faragh

a`endi asdiqa-ei

a`endi ta`am

I have free time

I have freinds (here it is in the sense that u have them on a visit)

I have food

hope u got the difference

[AbuMubarak]

شكرآ عملى ما كل تكتب

[Muslimah]

عفوا أخى ولكن

الصح أن تقول

شكرا على كل ما شرحت

because I expalined and did not write

شرحت = explained

كتبت = wrote

u used the present tense for يكتب