08-09-2003, 09:31 PM
as salam alykom
Insh a Allah we will explain the negatives:
ليس لم لا لن ما
laysa, lam, la, lan, and ma
About ليس
laysa does change with the pronoun but in a different form:
let us take examples from Quran:
وإن جاهداك على أن تشرك بى ما ليس لك به علم"
سورة لقمان 15
"But if they (both) strive with you to make you join in worship with Me othersthat of which you have no knowledge " (Quran 31:15). The underlined part is where ليس lays is acting.
"Wa-in jahadaka AAala an tushrika bee ma laysa laka bihi AAilmun ". So ma laysa here would be of which u have no.
ليست for feminine u use laysat
ex: القطة ليست جملية
Alqettah laysat jameelah
The cat is not pretty
السيارة ليست أمام المنزل
Alasayarh laysat amael manzel
The car is not in front of the house
وقالت اليهود ليست النصارى على شئ
البقرة 113
"The Jews said that the Christians follow nothing (i.e. are not on the right religion);"
"Waqalati alyahoodu laysati alnnasara AAala shay-in "
The pronoun here is feminine (yahood) u may notice it from qalat, therefore we used laysat. The literal meaning is they are not.
ليسوا they are not
ليسوا سواء من أهل الكتاب
آل عمران 113
"Not all of them are alike; a party of the people of the Scripture " (Quran 3:113)
"Laysoo sawaan min ahli alkitabi "
لستم you are not
ولا تيمموا الخبيث منه تنفقون ولستم بأخذيه إلا أن تغمضو افيه
البقرة 267
"and do not aim at that which is bad to spend from it, (though) you would not accept it save if you close your eyes" (Quran 2: 267)
"wala tayammamoo alkhabeetha minhu tunfiqoona walastum bi-akhitheehi illa an tughmidoo feehi "
لست you are not
ولا تقولوا لمن ألقى إليك السلام لست مؤمنا
النساء 94
"and say not to anyone who greets you (by embracing Islâm): "You are not a believer"; (Quran 4:94)
Now when u use it in a question form it comes like this:
ألست قادر على أن تحمل الطاولة
Aren't u able to carry the table
alsat qader a`ala-an tahmel ettawelah
وإذ أخذ ربك من بنى آدم من ظهورهم ذريتهم وأشهدهم على أنفسهم ألست بربكم قالوا بلى شهدنا
الأعراف 172
"And (remember) when your Lord brought forth from the Children of Adam, from their loins, their seed (or from Adam’s loin his offspring) and made them testify as to themselves (saying): "Am I not your Lord?" They said: "Yes! We testify," (Quran 7:172)
"Wa-ith akhatha rabbuka min banee adama min thuhoorihim thurriyyatahum waashhadahum AAala anfusihim alastu birabbikum qaloo bala shahidna "
أليس is another form of putting a question using lays: alaysa
أسرع المشى أليس البيت قريب
hurry up, isn't the house close?
إن موعدهم الصبح أليس الصبح بقريب
هود 81
"will afflict her. Indeed, morning is their appointed time. Is not the morning near?" (Quran 11:81)
"inna mawAAidahumu alssubhu alaysa alssubhu biqareebin"