12-26-2012, 07:54 AM
Bismillah
Praise be to Allah and prayer and peace be upon His Messenger Mohamed salla Allah a`lyhee wa sallam
Still on the Ayah of :" Verily We: It is We Who have sent down the Reminder (i.e. the Qur'an) and surely, We will guard it (from corruption)." (Quran 15:9)
Taking the following Ayahs into account we can understand this point even more:
" We shall make you to recite (the Qur'an), so you (O Muhammad) shall not forget (it)," (Quran 87:6)
" Move not your tongue concerning (the Qur'an, O Muhammad) to make haste therewith* It is for Us to collect it and to give you (O Muhammad) the ability to recite it (the Qur'an),* And when We have recited it to you [O Muhammad through Jibrael (Gabriel)], then follow you its (the Qur'an's) recital.* Then it is for Us (Allah) to make it clear to you" (Quran 75:16-19)
The Ayah here is addressing the Messenger salla Allah a`lyhee wa sallam telling him that after memorizing the Quran and learning how to recite it according to what Allah Ordains, We shall explain, clarify it and help u understand its meaning according to what We Want and Legislate. We shall also identify to you the Halal and Haram as inherit in Quran as well as what Allah Wants from the legislation. "And be not in haste (O Muhammad) with the Qur'an before its revelation is completed to you, and say: "Rubi! Increase me in knowledge." (Quran 20:114).
As scholars explained the meaning of this noble Ayahs, do not communicate the Quran to people before receiving the explanation of its meaning. A possible evidence of this explanation is: Allah Saying: Rubi! Increase me in knowledge.
Usually as soon as Jebreed peace be upon him leaves, the Messenger salla Allah a`lyhee wa sallam used to call one of the revelation scribes. Those scribes included a group of the companions who were literate wrote down what the Messenger salla Allah a`lyhee wa sallam dictated to them of the revelation. As such, the Quran was preserved in the people's hearts as recitation while simultaneously was documented in writing. However, we must note that the preserved Quran in the hearts of people covered the order of Surahs (chapters) and Ayahs (verses) within the Surah while the documented in writing was the set of Ayahs ordered according to their date of revelation.
Revelation scribes were the four wise Khalifs, Abban Ibn Said Bin Ala`as, and Ubai Bin Ka`ab who was usually first to be called in by the Messenger salla Allah a`lyhee wa sallam. In case Ubai Bin Ka`ab was unavailable, the Messenger salla Allah a`lyhee wa sallam called Zaid Bin Thabet, Khaled Bin Said, and Arqam Bin Abil Arqam who used to host the Messenger's meetings with Muslims in his house. The scribes also include the son of Bin Arqam Abudllah, Thabet Bin Qays Bin Shammasi Al Ansari who is one of those listed to be foretold with a confirmation to be destined to Jannah, Hanzalah Bin Al Rabey`a Bin Sayfee, Khaled Bin Said Bin Al`as, Khaled Bin AlWaleed, Alzobair Bin Al`awam, Abdullah Bin Saad Bin Abi Sarh, A`mer Bin Nohairah who was a freed salve of Abu Bakr may Allah be pleased with him and accompanied the Messenger salla Allah a`lyhee wa sallam during Hijrah, as well as Abdullah Bin Zobair AlAnsari who saw the Ruia of establishing the rule of making a call for prayer (Adhan and Iqama). The list also included Abdullah Bin Saad Bin Abi Sarj, Al`laa Bin AlHadrami, Al`laa Bin O`qba, Mohamed Bin Mosalma, Mo`away Bin Abi Sofyan and Mogheerah Bin Sho`baa.
Therefore, upon the death of the Messenger salla Allah a`lyhee wa sallam, Quran was fully memorized in the hearts of his companions in recitation as well as documented in writing. Yet the written Quran was not fully compiled, but rather scattered around among the scribes. It was also documented on various material which available at the time such as bones of large animals; camels for example, palm tree leaves, animal skin, and thin rock sheets. Only a few number of the companions memorized the Quran in full, of them was Zaid Bin Thabet who was later on assigned by Abu Bakr to compile the Quran. However, the Quran was fully memorized in the hearts of the companions each according to his own capability.
At the time when Abu Bakr took over the Khilafa, most of the Arab tribes apostated which resulted into the eruption of the wars of apostasy, the largest and most serious of which was that of Musalyemah the liar. Musalyemah managed to gather about 100.000 apostate. The number of dead companions who memorized the Quran came to between 500 and 700 in this war.
Zaid Bin Thabet said: Omar Bin Alkhattab was with Abu Bakr when he received information about the deaths of companions that occurred during the battle of Yamamh. Abu Bakr said: Omar Bin AlKhattab told me: Death increased among those who are memorized Quran and I am concerned that it might increase among this category in other locations which will result into loosing much of Qurna. Omar continued suggesting: I see that you give orders to compile the Quran. I replied: how can we carry out an action which was not performed by the Messenger salla Allah a`lyhee wa sallam. Omar answered wallahi this would be better. Omar continued discussing with me and insisting on his suggestion till Allah inspired him in the heart with acceptance with Omar's opinion. Zaid said: Abu Bakr said: you are a young wise man whom we can not accuse of any fault and scribed the Quran for the Messenger salla Allah a`lyhee wa sallam. I assign you to track the Quran and compile it. Zaid commented saying wallahi if they assigned me to move one of the mountains it wouldn’t have been harder than what he commanded me to do of compiling the Quran. I therefore replied: how would you proceed with something which the Messenger salla Allah a`lyhee wa sallam did not go for. He said it is wallahi for the best. Abu Bakr kept persuading me till Allah inspired me with what Abu Bakr and Omar were inspired with. I tracked the Quran to compile it off the palm tree leaves, rock sheets and men hearts. I found the end of Suratu Tawbah with only Abi Khudhayma Al Ansari (he means he didn’t find it with any other Quran scribe) which is:" Verily, there has come unto you a Messenger (Muhammad) from amongst yourselves (i.e. whom you know well). It grieves him that you should receive any injury or difficulty. He (Muhammad) is anxious over you (to be rightly guided, to repent to Allah, and beg Him to pardon and forgive your sins, in order that you may enter Paradise and be saved from the punishment of the Hell-fire), for the believers (he is) full of pity, kind, and merciful.* But if they turn away, say (O Muhammad): "Allah is sufficient for me. None has the right to be worshipped but He, in Him I put my trust and He is the Lord of the Mighty Throne." (Quran 9:128-129).
As a result, the sheets on which Quran was documented were kept with Abi Bakr till his death, then were transferred to Omar, then to Hafsa Bint Omar may Allah be pleased with all of them.
Narrated under the authority of Abi Horaira may Allah be pleased with him that the Messenger of Allah salla Allah a`lyhee wa sallam when he finished one of the prayers in which the recitation is loud and said: Was any of you reciting with me during the prayer? A man answered: yes O Messenger of Allah. The Messenger said: I was telling myself why do I find Quran hard to recite? Abu Horaira said: As a result people refrained from reciting the Quran simulateneously with the Messenger during the prayers in which he recited loudly" (reported by Abu Dawoud, Termdhi, and Nasai)