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For those who want to learn about Quran validity - Muslimah - 07-12-2007
Bismillah
as salam alykom
In this thread I m going to post Insh a Allah a series of translated khutbahs addressing the issue of Quran validity and whether or not it was distorted Alhamdulelah for One Who Protected it:
Bismillah
Praise be to Allah King of the Kings and Owner of the universe and prayer and peace be upon His Messenger Mohamed Ibn Abdullah, his household and companions.
We are pleased in islammessage.com to announce the publishing of a number of Jumu`a Khutbah which may be of use for many purposes such as delivered as khutbahs, lessons in Halaqa, learning material to be spread Insh a Allah.
We will be publishing them on a weekly basis Insh a Allah so keep track with us.
"And if you (Arab pagans, Jews, and Christians) are in doubt concerning that which We have sent down (i.e. the Qur'an) to Our slave (Muhammad ﻢﻠﺳﻭ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﻪﻠﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﺻ), then produce a Surah (chapter) of the like thereof and call your witnesses (supporters and helpers) besides Allah, if you are truthful.* But if you do it not, and you can never do it, then fear the Fire (Hell) whose fuel is men and stones, prepared for the disbelievers." (Quran2: 23-24)
In this noble Ayah Allah Is addressing all those who did not believe in Quran as being Allah's revelation. It is clearly indicated through the word doubt Allah Used which means being uncertain or unsure. The word A`bd here is a reference to the Messenger salla Allah a`lyhee wa sallam while the sentence We have sent down is an indication to Quran. When Allah Sobhanhu wa Ta`al Say "then produce a Surah of the like" actually Allah by this statement is making a strong challenge to those who don’t believe in Quran as being a Divine revelation. In case the Quran was composed by the Messenger salla Allah a`lyhee wa sallam, he could have never actually challenged those silver tongued Arabs in such a manner. If the Quran was manmade, human beings would have been able to author similar texts which eventually makes the Messenger salla Allah a`lyhee wa sallam loose the challenge and brings the call to an end. The sentence saying of the like is the translation of the meaning of the Arabic word min. The Arabic word min gives the sense of the minimum amount of what may be described as Quran. In this regard, Allah Is challenging them to produce the minimum amount of Quran which is of course a reference to the short chapters such as Kawthar or Asr. Following this strong statement, an even harder argument to stand is brought, Allah Is taking the challenge to a higher level by requesting them to present those who may testify to their false claim being true. But those witnesses must be of those Arab silver tongued. By this Allah Made the highest level of challenge.
Back to the Ayah, the Ayah was revealed in Medina with a majority of non Muslim residence. They were mainly Jews. This indicates that the challenge was directed to them who at the same time are considered among people of the book and knowledge. Several other Ayahs of challenge were also revealed in Mecca addressing the Mushrekeen including:
"And this Qur'an is not such as could ever be produced by other than Allah (Lord of the heavens and the earth), but it is a confirmation of (the revelation) which was before it [i.e. the Tauraat (Torah), and the Injeel (Gospel), etc.], and a full explanation of the Book (i.e. laws and orders, etc, decreed for mankind) - wherein there is no doubt from the the Lord of the 'Alameen (mankind, jinns,and all that exists).* Or do they say: "He (Muhammad ﻢﻠﺳﻭ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﻪﻠﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﺻ) has forged it?" Say: "Bring then a Soorah (chapter) like unto it, and call upon whomsoever you can, besides Allah, if you are truthful!" (Quran 10:37- 38)
"Or they say, "He (Prophet Muhammad ﻢﻠﺳﻭ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﻪﻠﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﺻ) forged it (the Qur'an)." Say: "Bring you then ten forged Soorah (chapters) like unto it, and call whomsoever you can, other than Allah (to your help), if you speak the truth!" (Quran 11:13)
"Say: "If the mankind and the jinns were together to produce the like of this Qur'an, they could not produce the like thereof, even if they helped one another." (Quran 17:88)
"Say (to them, O Muhammad ﻢﻠﺳﻭ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﻪﻠﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﺻ): "Then bring a Book from Allah, which is a better guide than these two [the Taurat (Torah) and the Qur'an], that I may follow it, if you are truthful." (Quran 28:49)
"Let them then produce a recital like unto it (the Qur'an) if they are truthful" (Quran 52:34)
By this Allah made a challenge to the pagans in Mecca followed by another challenge to the people of the book in Medina. Allah Sobhanhu wa Ta`la Took a gradual course in challenging the Kufar. First He requested that they bring similar texts of the Quran, then produce just 10 chapters, then only one chapter and finally just something similar to just a short chapter. This is the utmost underestimation of the challenged party coupled with an evidence that they are incapable of nothing despite their excellence in the Arabic language which made among them professional eloquent and poets. Their excellence in Arabic was amazing to the extend that they held public markets to present and compete in literature production. In order to stress the fact of the non believers' inability Allah Say: let them produce similar text. Actually this implies that Allah Is not only Requesting the level of eloquence, but rather Demanding them to include the meanings born in the texts. Quran carries the methodology, past or future unknown incidents, information about the Day After including its events, as well as information regarding reward and punishment. It also contains Ayahs related to the universe that brought forth totally new information to mankind which was only discovered during the modern era. While it presents as well other Ayahs with specific objective such as healing. Therefore, producing similar text here must carry all of those aspects.
As for the challenging statement: " But if you do it not, and you can never do it, then fear the Fire (Hell) whose fuel is men and stones, prepared for the disbelievers" , the first part of the phrase saying but if u do it not is talking in the past tense while the you can never do it is a confirmation for the same disability for the future and till the Day After. As such Allah Is Raising the level of challenge so as not to be restricted on the time of revealing Quran only but also to cover throughout time till the Hour. When Allah Sobhanhu wa Ta`la Say and you can never do it, Allah Presents a miraculous challenge as it implies a forecast of the future. Actually the statement penetrates into the unknown future. Till this day, the challenge is still standing and no one was able to produce similar texts as the Quran. After the challenge Allah Is Warning them saying fear the hell fire, prepared for the pagans, of which people and stones are fuel.
As long as you were not able and you will not be able in the future to produce similar texts, you might as well better protect yourselves against hell fire which Allah Prepared for those who don’t believe in this book neither in this Prophet and thus don’t embrace Islam.
Narrated Abu Horaira may Allah be Pleased with him that the Messenger salla Allah A`lyhee wa sallam entered the Masjed when a man came in and prayed then greeted the Messenger salla Allah a`lyhee wa sallam and the Messenger greeted him back. Then told him you did not pray go back and pray. He repeated this 3 times. The man replied saying I swear in the name of the One Who Sent you with the truth I don’t know any better so teach me. The Messenger salla Allah a`lyhee wa sallam said when you go for prayer, say Alalh u Akbar then recite what you know of Quran, then bow and remain in this position for a while, then raise up till you are full standing, then prostrate (go for sujud) and remain there for a while then raise and sit erect then prostrate again for the same period of time. Repeat this throughout your prayer.
(reported by Bukhari, Muslim, Abu Daoud, Nasai and Termidhi)
In Abi Daoud's narration there is an additional part as: if you manage to fulfill this, your prayer is complete and whatever you neglect decreases your prayer.
The meaning of recite an amount of Quran is: Fatiha and one long Ayah or three short ones.
For those who want to learn about Quran validity - AhmedBahgat - 07-17-2007
QUOTE(Muslimah @ Jul 12 2007, 06:30 PM) <a></a>32982[/snapback]
Bismillah
Praise be to Allah King of the Kings and Owner of the universe and prayer and peace be upon His Messenger Mohamed Ibn Abdullah, his household and companions.
"And if you (Arab pagans, Jews, and Christians) are in doubt concerning that which We have sent down (i.e. the Qur'an) to Our slave (Muhammad ﻢﻠﺳﻭ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﻪﻠﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﺻ), then produce a Surah (chapter) of the like thereof and call your witnesses (supporters and helpers) besides Allah, if you are truthful.* But if you do it not, and you can never do it, then fear the Fire (Hell) whose fuel is men and stones, prepared for the disbelievers." (Quran2: 23-24)
There were and still are several endeavors from those who are completely taken by shaytan (Satan) to compose manmade texts in an effort to compete with the Quran. Actually such endeavors stand as an evidence for the miraculous Quranic texts. For instance Musaylemah Ibn Habib who is well known in Islamic history as Musaylemah the liar claimed to be receiving revelation from Allah. Sometime after his call was eliminated, a delegation of Beni Hanifa came to Abu Bakrel Sedeeq may Allah be Pleased with him. Abu Bakr told them: Tell us a part of Musaylemah's Quran. They replied O Khaleef of Rasullah, would you rather excuse us. He said it is a must that you do. They said, he used to say: o you frog daughter of two frogs, croak for you croaking, neither the water you spoil nor the drinker you prevent. Your head in immersed in the water and your tail in the mud. He also used to say: and the seed spreaders and the female harvesters who harvest and the grain spreaders, and the female grinders who are grinding, and the female bakers who bake, and the female bread pieces givers, hailing and ghee, you are advantaged over the people of wool and those who preceded you your companion so prevent him, and the beggar provide him with shelter, and the distressed console him. Abu Bakr Elsdeeq told them: O I am surprised at you, how did he manage to isolate your minds, these texts never came from a Divine Deity. It was narrated under the authority of Amr Ibn El A`as that he met Musaylimah before he embraced Islam. Musaylimah requested to Amr to recite some of what was revealed to the Messenger salla Allah a`lyhee wa sallam. Amr recited Suratu Ala`sr. Musaylimah replied I received a similar text. Amr said: what is the text? He started saying: O wool O wool, you are not but a source of bringing and a front, other wise all what is rest is nothing but holes. He then asked Amr saying what do you see? Amr said: Wallahi you know well that I know that you are lying.
In the nineteenth century, an Iranian appeared and called himself AlBab. He claimed prophet hood and composed a book titled "Al Bayan". He claimed that this book is what Allah referred to in the Ayah:" He created man.* He taught him eloquent speech." (Quran 55:3-4). He even added that this book actually abrogated the Quran (replaced it). The book contained texts such as: when the egg drops down and breaks don’t eat it, but if you break it with your hands then eat it.
While in the modern time, a number of arrogant people used the Internet to infuse their ill feelings about Islam. Some of them claimed receiving similar Quran. For example in a site titled "Sura like it" on which they published ten texts calling them Surahs and claiming they are like Quran. A reader can easily pick nothing but linguistic and scientific errors, improper and silly talk. Using low level rhyme, the texts do not even call for virtuous attitude neither forbid vice. For example, the texts go as: Glory be to the one who created sky and did not put a limit to it, and created earth and made it water and froze. Such short sentences contain nothing but scientific errors. Modern scientific and astronomic researches regardless of the major capabilities devoted to discover the space were incapable of confirming that sky has no limit. While the word froze means freezing water. Is the earth composed only of water and snow? Dr. Zaghloul Annajar (a renowned geologist and Islamic thinker) sent them a reply in 38 pages in both English and Arabic. All what they could do was to change the site's address.
Actually human efforts to copy Allah's Words did nothing but confirming the divinity of Quran. It was useful rather than harmful to Islam. And the challenge shall remain standing till the Hour.
Narrated Abu Horaira may Allah be pleased with him that the Messenger salla Allah a`lyhee wa sallam said: One who prays a prayer without reciting Ummul Quran (Fatiha), his prayer is incomplete (he repeated this 3 times). People asked Abu Horaira: But we pray behind the Imam. He explained read it to yourselves. I heard Rasullah salla Allah a`lyhee wa sallam say that Allah Sobhanhu wa Ta`la Say I divided the prayer (Fatiha) between Me and My Devotee into two, and to my Devotee what he asks. When the devotee says: Alhamdulelah Rubela`lameen (Praise be to Allah Lord of the Worlds), Allah may He be Glorified Say: My devotee Praised me, then follows ArRahman ArRaheem, Allah Say My devotee Glorified Me, then at saying Malek Yawmeldeen Allah Say: My devotee Glorified Me or My devotee delegated his/her matters to Me, at Iyaka na`budu wa Iyaka nasat`een Allah Say this is between me and My devotee and to My devotee what is asked, until the part of ehdenaasiratul mostaqeem sirataldhaeen ana`mata a`layhem ghayrel maghdoubel a`lyhem wala daaalyeen. Allah Say: this is for My devotee and to My devotee what he/she asked for" (reported by Muslim, Abu Daoud, Nesaiy and Termidhi).
Narrated under the authority of Abi Qatada may Allah be pleased with him that the Messenger of Allah salla Allah a`lyhee wa sallam was asked about fasting the day of Ashoura, and he said:" It expiates the sins of the past year". (reported by Muslim and Ibn Majeh).
Narrated under the authority of Ibn Abbass may Allah be pleased with both of them that the Messenger of Allah salla Allah a`lyhee wa sallam fasted the day of A`ashoura-a and commanded people to fast it" (reported by consensus).
Thanks sister Muslimah
There is no question for any true believer that the Quran is perfetly preserved by Allah
Salam
For those who want to learn about Quran validity - Muslimah - 12-26-2012
Bismillah
Praise be to Allah King of the Kings and Owner of the universe and prayer and peace be upon His Messenger Mohamed Ibn Abdullah, his household and companions.
"Say to (them): "If the home of the Hereafter with Allah is indeed for you specially and not for others, of mankind, then long for death if you are truthful." (Quran 2:94)
In this Ayah Allah Is challenging the Jews in Particular as clearly indicated in the preceding two Ayahs saying:" And indeed Musa (Moses) came to you with clear proofs, yet you worshipped the calf after he left, and you were Zalimun (polytheists and wrong-doers).* And (remember) when We took your covenant and We raised above you the Mount (saying), "Hold firmly to what We have given you and hear (Our Word). They said, "We have heard and disobeyed." And their hearts absorbed (the worship of) the calf because of their disbelief. Say: "Worst indeed is that which your faith enjoins on you if you are believers." (Quran 2: 92-93).
The Ayah is a response to their claim of being Allah's favorite people who are the only creation considered as human beings. They also claimed that apart from them, other nations are all animals. Due to this, they will be the only nation admitted to Jannah. This is one of the claims in addition to the rest of the list Allah mentioned in Quran.
Another Ayah of challenge is when Allah Is Saying:"And they say, "None shall enter Paradise unless he be a Jew or a Christian." These are their own desires. Say (O Muhammad ﻢﻠﺳﻭ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﻪﻠﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﺻ), "Produce your proof if you are truthful." (Quran 2:111). Look at the response in saying:" Produce your proof if you are truthful". The response is very clear and direct if what you are saying is true, bring an evidence to prove it. Certainly they will not be able to do so.
In another position they claim being:" And (both) the Jews and the Christians say: "We are the children of Allah and His loved ones" (Quran 5:18) that is when Allah Replied to them:" Say: "Why then does He punish you for your sins? Nay, you are but human beings, of those He has created, He forgives whom He wills and He punishes whom He wills" (Quran 5:18).
Summing up all the previous claims, Allah Gave a strong challenging response in Saying: " Say to (them): "If the home of the Hereafter with Allah is indeed for you specially and not for others, of mankind, then long for death if you are truthful". Narrated under the authority of Ibn Abbas may Allah Be Pleased with both of them that he said:" long for death" actually means make dua to Allah for the death of the lying party between us and you. Of course they didn’t make the dua. While others explained this sentence as the common sense of wishing such as saying I wish I die.
The Messenger Salla Allah a`lyhee wa sallam said: if the Jews did wish for death, they would have died and watched their positions in Hell.
Ibn Abbas may Allah be Pleased with him said:" If they wished it on the day Allah Told them to do so, not a single Jew would have remained alive on earth".
However, Allah may He be Glorified did not wait for the response to this challenge, but rather Said: " But they will never long for it because of what their hands have sent before them (i.e. what they have done). And Allah is All-Aware of the Zalimun (polytheists and wrong-doers)." (Quran 2:95). Looking carefully at this Ayah, one can see Allah Is defying the reader of Quran. Matter of fact we can safely say that the whole Quran is a defying text. Allah with this Ayah placed the issue of Islam in the hands of the Jews. Matter of fact if they wished to destroy the call to Islam, they could have easily accepted the challenge, went to the Messenger while among his companions and made dua for death against the lying party. Or, being confident that Jannah is strictly dedicated to them apart from other people, just declare that they wish or long for death. But they didn’t. Not even out of arrogance or stubbornness. Allah Sobhanhu wa Ta`la made a final judgment regarding a matter that is related to a choice that must be made by an enemy of Islam. Allah Said they will not wish for it. In other words, Allah Made the challenge and foretold that they will not be able to stand the challenge. While the Jews if they wanted to hit the base of Islam bringing it to a full end, they could’ve easily just went and made Dua for death or wished to die. But because Quran is the word of Allah, they didn’t just exactly as Allah foretold in Quran. Truth Sayer Is Allah. Destruction of Islam is the goal the Jews are striving to achieve till our present time. Just by saying one word at the time of revelation of this Ayah, this goal could have been achieved. As such, if the Quran was authored by the Messenger salla Allah a`lyhee wa sallam, he would have never put himself in such a threatening position.
Allah Sobhanhu wa Ta`la indicated the reason as why they would never wish for death. It is due to what their hands committed. In other words, what they committed of sins and evil deeds, the most grave of which, is calling the Messenger salla Allah a`lyhee wa sallam a liar regardless of their knowledge that he is not.
They also rejected Islam, when they are confident it is the truth. Now we can move to saying, if they were confident that Jannah shall be strictly dedicated to them regardless of what they committed of sins, they can wish for death in order to enjoy the permanent arcadia. Thinking about this point, we all fear death out of the major concern about our sins which we are not sure whether or not Allah Forgave them. We are also never sure if our righteous deeds are accepted by Allah. In case one is sure that he/she is destined to Jannah, one would hasten to die just like the pioneer Muslims who used to hasten to attain martyrdom during the battles. They were sure that attaining martyrdom would make them alive and sustained at the Host of Allah. This Ayahs has a similar one in Suratu Jumma`a:" Say (O Muhammad ﻢﻠﺳﻭ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﻪﻠﻟﺍﻰﻠﺻ): "O you Jews! If you pretend that you are friends of Allah, to the exclusion of (all) other mankind, then long for death if you are truthful.* But they will never long for it (death), because of what (deeds) their hands have sent before them! And Allah knows well the Zalimun (polytheists, wrong-doers, disbelievers, etc.)." (Quran 62:6-7).
Both Ayahs bear the same meaning, however, in Arabic the Ayahs in Surat Baqara say lan yatamnouh while the one in Surt Jumma`a say la yatamanounuh. The difference is that the lan is stronger particle of negation than la. Therefore, Allah in Surat Baqarah Didn’t confirm the verb through the conjugation.
Here we conclude by what Allah Say:" Say (to them): "Verily, the death from which you flee will surely meet you, then you will be sent back to (Allah), the All-Knower of the unseen and the seen, and He will tell you what you used to do." (Quran 62:8).
For those who want to learn about Quran validity - Muslimah - 12-26-2012
Bismillah
Praise be to Allah and prayer and peace be upon His Messenger Mohamed salla Allah a`lyhee wa sallam
In this Khutbah we are going to address the Ayah:" Then whoever disputes with you concerning him ['Iesa (Jesus)] after (all this) knowledge that has come to you, [i.e. 'Iesa (Jesus)] being a slave of Allah, and having no share in Divinity) say: (O Muhammad ﻢﻠﺳﻭ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﻪﻠﻟﺍﻰﻠﺻ) "Come, let us call our sons and your sons, our women and your women, ourselves and yourselves - then we pray and invoke (sincerely) the Curse of Allah upon those who lie." (Quran 3:61).
The reason of revealing this Ayah was that the Messenger salla Allah a`lyhee wa sallam sent a letter to the people of Najran which is located south of the Arabian Peninsula. They were Arabs who took Christianity as a religion. In his letter he gave them a number of alternatives between embracing Islam, paying Jizziah or war. This incident took place after the battle of Tabuk in which the Romans withdrew in front of the Muslim army who fought under the leadership of the Messenger salla Allah a`lyhee wa sallam. In response to the letter, Najran community decision makers saw to send a delegation to the Messenger of Allah salla Allah a`lyhee wa sallam in an effort to be acquainted with him, his message, and religion then return back with the required information. The delegation came to Medina, met the Messenger salla Allah a`lyhee wa sallam and discussed the religion with him. In the long discussion, the Messenger salla Allah a`lyhee wa sallam kept replying till they asked him about the position of Eassa (Jesus) prayer and peace be upon him in order to return to our people with the correct information. Given the fact that we are Nasarah, we would be pleased to listen to what you have to say about him. The Messenger salla Allah a`lyhee wa sallam told them: for the time being I have no information about him. I suggest though that you stay over till I will be able to bring to you what Allah Say about Essa. The next morning, Allah Revealed to him the following Ayahs:" Verily, the likeness of 'Iesa (Jesus) before Allah is the likeness of Adam. He created him from dust, then (He) said to him: "Be!" - and he was.* (This is) the truth from your Lord, so be not of those who doubt.* Then whoever disputes with you concerning him ['Iesa (Jesus)] after (all this) knowledge that has come to you, [i.e. 'Iesa (Jesus)] being a slave of Allah, and having no share in Divinity) say: (O Muhammad ﻢﻠﺳﻭ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﻪﻠﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﺻ) "Come, let us call our sons and your sons, our women and your women, ourselves and yourselves - then we pray and invoke (sincerely) the Curse of Allah upon those who lie.* " (Quran 3: 59-61).
But the delegation members rejected what Allah Revealed regarding Eassa salla Allah a`lyhee wa sallam insisting on their school of belief in this issue They claimed that Essa salla Allah a`lyhee wa sallam is God himself based on the argument that he revived the dead, healed the ill, and foretold the unknown. Having no human father, they also claimed that he is the son of God in addition to being a part of the trinity. They explained the trinity issue based on the fact that when Eassa spoke, he used the plural form saying we decreed, we created and we commanded. While if he was only one, he would have said I did, I commanded and I decreed.
Next morning, the Messenger salla Allah a`lyhee wa sallam came to the meeting point accompanied with his two grandsons AlHassan and AlHussayn, Fatima (his daughter) was walking behind him and Ali Ibn Abi Taleb (her husband) behind her. He was instructing them saying when I make Dua say ameen. When the delegation members saw this attitude, their chief told the other two: You are all quite aware that the whole population of the valley (referring to people of Najran) never took any action except through my opinion and decision and I swear to Allah that I see a difficult task here. Wallahi (I swear to Allah) that in case this man is a king, being the closest in location among the Arab to them and first to criticize him and reject his call, he and his companions will take much offense that they will not be satisfied unless they invade us. And in case he is a Prophet, and we accepted the challenge of praying to Allah to curse those who lie, we would be fully exterminated. His two companions told him: O Abu Mariam what do you think? He said: I see to allow him to judge our case for he seems like a man who never makes an unfair judgment. They agreed with him. His name was Shorahbeel. He went to the Messenger salla Allah a`lyhee wa sallam and told him: I thought of a better choice than standing for the option you gave which is making Dua for the lying party to be cursed by Allah.
The Messenger salla Allah a`lyhee wa sallam said: what is the alternative? He said: spend today and tonight till the morning thinking about a judgment about us. Whatever you come up with as judgment will be enforced. The Messenger salla Allah a`lyhee wa sallam put for them in writing a security agreement by which their money becomes safe provided they pay a thousand suits on each Rajab and each Safar.
They also requested that he sends with them an honest man. He picked up Abu Ubaida Ibn AlJarrah and described him as the protector of this Ummah (Hodhaifa/ Bukhari, Muslim, Termidhi, Nasai, and Ibn Majeh). In another narration: For each nation there is a protector and the protector of this Ummah is Abu Ubaida Ibn AlJarrah (Annas/ Bukhari). Yunus Ibn Bakeer, who was a Nasari and embraced Islam, related this part of the story (reported by Bayhaqi).
After the delegation returned back home, Najran Bishop, with a delegation of the elite of community, went to the Messenger salla Allah a`lyhee wa sallam. He provided them accommodation for few days. Upon their departure, the Messenger salla Allah a`lyhee wa sallam gave a written agreement to Bishop Abi AlHareth and other Bishops of Najran who would succeed him stipulating:
Bismillah ArRahman ArRaheem: From Mohamed the Prophet to Bishop Abi Al Hareth, Najran bishops, ministers and monks and whatever they own, little be it or much, is entitled for the protection and security of Allah and His Messenger. Not a bishop, a monk or a minister shall be forced, now or in the future after the Messenger by any other Muslim, to change their identities or positions, loose their rights, authorities or established status. They shall continue enjoying the protection of Allah and His Messenger as long as they adopt an improvement oriented attitude, as long as they provide correct advice without being subjected to unjust or cause unjust to others.
Mogheerah Ibn Sho`ba wrote down the agreement.
A hadeeth:
Narrated Ibn Abbas, may Allah be pleased with him, he said: Abu Jahl said: If I see Mohamed pray at Ka`ba, I will come to him till I step on his neck. The Messenger of Allah salla Allah a`lyhee wa sallam commented saying: if he did, angles would take him immediately in front of the eyes of everybody, if the Jews wished (prayed for) death, they would have died and watched their positions in Hell, and if those who were supposed to stand in confrontation of the Messenger salla Allah a`lyhee wa sallam went out for the meeting, they would have gone back finding no money or family (Bukhari, TErmidhi, and Nasa`i).
For those who want to learn about Quran validity - Muslimah - 12-26-2012
Bismillah
Praise be to Allah and prayer and peace be upon His Messenger Mohamed, his household and companions.
“Verily We: It is We Who have sent down the Dhikr (i.e. the Qur'an) and surely, We will guard it (from corruption).“ (Quran 15:9)
In the second part of this Ayah a challenge is clearly inserted when Allah Say: and surely We will guard it (from corruption) , Allah Used the lam in Lahafezoun (surely will guard it) in order to confirm the sense of and the act of guarding since the particle lam here is a particle of confirmation. As such Allah Say just as We revealed the dhikr (Quran) We Are committed to guard it. Quran actually is the last message that Allah Sent to His Creation. Being the last message, no other messages will succeed and thus must remain available and accessible to people to the Day of Judgment in order to serve as an argument. Having the Quran accessible to people will not leave them any valid reason to present to Allah for violating Allah’s commands. Additionally, Quran being the miracle with which the Messenger salla Allah a`lyhee wa sallam was supported, it must sustain as long as life shall continue on earth in order to stand as an evidence for the prophethood of the final Prophet.
Matter of fact, Allah Started Fulfilling the promise of guarding and protecting the Quran since the initiation of its transmission. In Suratu Al`la which is the 8<sup>th</sup> chapter in revelation order, Allah Rub of the Worlds Say to His Prophet salla Allah a`lyhee wa sallam:
“We shall make you to recite (the Qur'an), so you (O Muhammad ﻢﻠﺳﻭ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﻪﻠﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﺻ) shall not forget (it),” (Quran 87:6)
Scholars of Tafseer in this part said: When the Messenger salla Allah a`lyhee wa sallam used to receive the revelation by Jebreel, he used to hold till Jebreel comes to the end of the Ayah being revealed and immediately starts reciting it. He used to do this in fear of forgetting the Ayah. Thus this Ayahs was revealed to him in order to assure him regarding his fears. Since this time, Rasul Allah salla Allah a`lyhee wa sallam used to receive the revelation regardless of the number of Ayahs which in sometimes were multiple Ayahs while in some cases he even received full Suras (chapters) at one time such as Surat Ma-eda (Quran 5) for example. But he waited for Jebreel to recite it to him only once and leaves, Rasul Allah salla Allah a`lyhee wa sallam then recites it either during prayer or outside of the prayer without any difference between the two recitations. He used to recite the Quran at any given time without any changes unless within the framework of the types of recitations Allah Sent down the Quran with and were taught to the Messenger salla Allah a`lyhee wa sallam. Matter of fact, for any one to think about this, this is the ultimate challenge and miracle.
Allah then revealed Ayahs in Surat Qiyamah (Quran 75) which comes as number 31 in the order to revelation that say:
“Move not your tongue concerning (the Qur'an, O Muhammad ﻢﻠﺳﻭ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﻪﻠﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﺻ) to make haste therewith.* It is for Us to collect it and to give you (O Muhammad ﻢﻠﺳﻭ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﻪﻠﻟﺍﻰﻠﺻ) the ability to recite it (the Qur'an), * And when We have recited it to you [O Muhammad ﻢﻠﺳﻭ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﻪﻠﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﺻ through Jibrael (Gabriel)], then follow you its (the Qur'an's) recital. * Then it is for Us (Allah) to make it clear to you,” (Quran 75: 16-19)
In regard to this Ayahs, Ibn Abbas may Allah be pleased with him narrated: That Rasul Allah salla Allah a`lyhee wa sallam used to suffer pressure during revelation, therefore, he used to move his lips with the Quran during the course of revelation. Allah may He be Glorified revealed Move not your tongue concerning (the Qur'an, O Muhammad ﻢﻠﺳﻭ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﻪﻠﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﺻ) to make haste therewith and Confirmed Saying It is for Us to collect it and to give you. Ibn Abbas explained saying that Allah Collected it in your heart so that you recite it later on. Saying And when We have recited it to you [O Muhammad ﻢﻠﺳﻭ ﻪﻴﻠﻋ ﻪﻠﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﺻ through Jibrael (Gabriel)], then follow you its (the Qur'an's) recital, by this Ayah Allah Is Commanding the Messenger salla Allah a`lyhee wa sallam to listen carefully while Jebreel is reciting the Quran to him. Then follows this by Saying Then it is for Us (Allah) to make it clear to you which carries multiple meanings including you will be able to recite it, you will understand it, We will make it easy for you to recite and follow. Ibn Abbass said: After this Ayahs, the Messenger of Allah salla Allah a`lyhee wa sallam used to listen when Jebreel came to him and as soon as he leaves the the Messenger of Allah salla Allah a`lyhee wa sallam immediately recited the Quran just exactly as revealed (reported by Muslim and Termdhi – Quran encyclopedia).
To further clarify this point, when Ibn Abbass may Allah be pleased with both of them commented on the Ayah of .* It is for Us to collect it and to give you that it means collecting it and maintaining it in the heart of he Messenger salla Allah a`lyhee wa sallam. Actually he based his comment on the fact that Quran was transmitted on stages in parts throughout 23 years. Ayahs were revealed in order to contain either rulings to set what is halal and what is haram, commands and prohibitions, clarification of the Glory of Allah, evidences of Allah’s Oneness. Quran responds as well to inquiries which may come from either Muslims or non Muslims. Ayahs of Quran used to be transmitted either individually or in sets. Jebreel Peace be upon him, as soon as he finished reciting the Ayah or Ayahs to the Messenger salla Allah a`lyhee wa sallam used to tell him: place this Ayah or Ayahs in the Surat that contains so and so, in the position between Ayahs so and so. As soon as Jebreel left, the Ayahs are actually placed in the heart of the Messenger salla Allah a`lyhee wa sallam just exactly as Jebreel conveyed the command of Allah in regard to the position of Ayahs. After that the Messenger salla Allah a`lyhee wa sallam would actually recite it many times without changing a word or even a letter. Taking in consideration that there are Suras (chapters) which were revealed in Mecca, however, they included Ayah’s that were revealed in Medina after many year. For example, the inception of revealing Surat Baqarah (Quran 2) was after a short time of the Hijra and continued till shortly before the death of the Messenger salla Allah a`lyhee wa sallam. If we want to say we say the transmission of Surat Baqara continued almost years, during which time, all Madani Suras (chapters revealed in Medina) were transmitted. Thus one can realize that the order of Surahs as placed in the Mushaf (Quran book) as well as the order on Ayahs within each Surah is no doubt a miracle. The whole process took place in the heart of the Messenger salla Allah a`lyhee wa sallam without any written documentation on his part.
Therefore, when Allah Say: It is for Us to collect it and to give you the statement as such implies writing down the Mushaf and collecting the Ayahs in the order we are familiar with at the present time. Such achievement is only with the Protection, Auspicous and Success from Allah Sobhanhu wa Ta`la (may He be Glorified).
As for the word the ability to recite it (the Qur'an) means the reciting of Quran to the Messenger salla Allah a`lyhee wa sallam using the style in which it was transmitted to him. In other words, the style Allah Willed for His book to be recited with. A style that is different and distinguished from the human being’s. Such style is currently titled Rulings of Tajweed. It is a must that each Muslim learn this knowledge to be able to recite the words of Allah as Allah revealed to his Messenger salla Allah a`lyhee wa sallam and thus gain a major reward.
Narrated Aaesha may Allah be Pleased with her that the Messenger salla Allah a`lyhee wa sallam said: One who is professional in reciting Quran shall be included in the group of high rank honorable angels, and one who stammers while reciting Quran shall receive double reward” (reported by Bukhari, Muslim, Abu Daoud and Ibn Majeh).
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It was narrated under the authority of O`bada Ibn Assamet may Allah be pleased with him that he said: we were behind the Messenger of Allah salla Allah a`lyhee wa sallam during Fajr prayer, he recited the Quran but it was felt that he suffered pressure. As soon as he finished, he asked: may be you recited while the Imam is reciting Quran? We said yes we do this O Messenger of Allah. He said do not recite any Quran except the Fatiha for prayer is invalid without reciting the Fatiha.
(reported by Bukhari, and confirmed by Abi Daoud, Termidhi, Nasai, Ahmed, Bayhaqi, Daraqutni and Ibn Habban).
The word pressure here refers to the Messenger salla Allah a`lyhee wa sallam finding difficulty to recite loudly.
Through the above mentioned hadeeth, a number of companions and scholars derived the ruling of the necessity to recite Fatiha during prayer even the loud one after the Imam completes reading it. Of those who approved this rule: Omar, Ali, Ubai Ibn Ka`b, Ibn Omar, Abi Horaira, O`bada and a group of the Tabeen and scholars such as Shafei.
For those who want to learn about Quran validity - Muslimah - 12-26-2012
Bismillah
Praise be to Allah and prayer and peace be upon His Messenger Mohamed salla Allah a`lyhee wa sallam
Still on the Ayah of :" Verily We: It is We Who have sent down the Reminder (i.e. the Qur'an) and surely, We will guard it (from corruption)." (Quran 15:9)
Taking the following Ayahs into account we can understand this point even more:
" We shall make you to recite (the Qur'an), so you (O Muhammad) shall not forget (it)," (Quran 87:6)
" Move not your tongue concerning (the Qur'an, O Muhammad) to make haste therewith* It is for Us to collect it and to give you (O Muhammad) the ability to recite it (the Qur'an),* And when We have recited it to you [O Muhammad through Jibrael (Gabriel)], then follow you its (the Qur'an's) recital.* Then it is for Us (Allah) to make it clear to you" (Quran 75:16-19)
The Ayah here is addressing the Messenger salla Allah a`lyhee wa sallam telling him that after memorizing the Quran and learning how to recite it according to what Allah Ordains, We shall explain, clarify it and help u understand its meaning according to what We Want and Legislate. We shall also identify to you the Halal and Haram as inherit in Quran as well as what Allah Wants from the legislation. "And be not in haste (O Muhammad) with the Qur'an before its revelation is completed to you, and say: "Rubi! Increase me in knowledge." (Quran 20:114).
As scholars explained the meaning of this noble Ayahs, do not communicate the Quran to people before receiving the explanation of its meaning. A possible evidence of this explanation is: Allah Saying: Rubi! Increase me in knowledge.
Usually as soon as Jebreed peace be upon him leaves, the Messenger salla Allah a`lyhee wa sallam used to call one of the revelation scribes. Those scribes included a group of the companions who were literate wrote down what the Messenger salla Allah a`lyhee wa sallam dictated to them of the revelation. As such, the Quran was preserved in the people's hearts as recitation while simultaneously was documented in writing. However, we must note that the preserved Quran in the hearts of people covered the order of Surahs (chapters) and Ayahs (verses) within the Surah while the documented in writing was the set of Ayahs ordered according to their date of revelation.
Revelation scribes were the four wise Khalifs, Abban Ibn Said Bin Ala`as, and Ubai Bin Ka`ab who was usually first to be called in by the Messenger salla Allah a`lyhee wa sallam. In case Ubai Bin Ka`ab was unavailable, the Messenger salla Allah a`lyhee wa sallam called Zaid Bin Thabet, Khaled Bin Said, and Arqam Bin Abil Arqam who used to host the Messenger's meetings with Muslims in his house. The scribes also include the son of Bin Arqam Abudllah, Thabet Bin Qays Bin Shammasi Al Ansari who is one of those listed to be foretold with a confirmation to be destined to Jannah, Hanzalah Bin Al Rabey`a Bin Sayfee, Khaled Bin Said Bin Al`as, Khaled Bin AlWaleed, Alzobair Bin Al`awam, Abdullah Bin Saad Bin Abi Sarh, A`mer Bin Nohairah who was a freed salve of Abu Bakr may Allah be pleased with him and accompanied the Messenger salla Allah a`lyhee wa sallam during Hijrah, as well as Abdullah Bin Zobair AlAnsari who saw the Ruia of establishing the rule of making a call for prayer (Adhan and Iqama). The list also included Abdullah Bin Saad Bin Abi Sarj, Al`laa Bin AlHadrami, Al`laa Bin O`qba, Mohamed Bin Mosalma, Mo`away Bin Abi Sofyan and Mogheerah Bin Sho`baa.
Therefore, upon the death of the Messenger salla Allah a`lyhee wa sallam, Quran was fully memorized in the hearts of his companions in recitation as well as documented in writing. Yet the written Quran was not fully compiled, but rather scattered around among the scribes. It was also documented on various material which available at the time such as bones of large animals; camels for example, palm tree leaves, animal skin, and thin rock sheets. Only a few number of the companions memorized the Quran in full, of them was Zaid Bin Thabet who was later on assigned by Abu Bakr to compile the Quran. However, the Quran was fully memorized in the hearts of the companions each according to his own capability.
At the time when Abu Bakr took over the Khilafa, most of the Arab tribes apostated which resulted into the eruption of the wars of apostasy, the largest and most serious of which was that of Musalyemah the liar. Musalyemah managed to gather about 100.000 apostate. The number of dead companions who memorized the Quran came to between 500 and 700 in this war.
Zaid Bin Thabet said: Omar Bin Alkhattab was with Abu Bakr when he received information about the deaths of companions that occurred during the battle of Yamamh. Abu Bakr said: Omar Bin AlKhattab told me: Death increased among those who are memorized Quran and I am concerned that it might increase among this category in other locations which will result into loosing much of Qurna. Omar continued suggesting: I see that you give orders to compile the Quran. I replied: how can we carry out an action which was not performed by the Messenger salla Allah a`lyhee wa sallam. Omar answered wallahi this would be better. Omar continued discussing with me and insisting on his suggestion till Allah inspired him in the heart with acceptance with Omar's opinion. Zaid said: Abu Bakr said: you are a young wise man whom we can not accuse of any fault and scribed the Quran for the Messenger salla Allah a`lyhee wa sallam. I assign you to track the Quran and compile it. Zaid commented saying wallahi if they assigned me to move one of the mountains it wouldn’t have been harder than what he commanded me to do of compiling the Quran. I therefore replied: how would you proceed with something which the Messenger salla Allah a`lyhee wa sallam did not go for. He said it is wallahi for the best. Abu Bakr kept persuading me till Allah inspired me with what Abu Bakr and Omar were inspired with. I tracked the Quran to compile it off the palm tree leaves, rock sheets and men hearts. I found the end of Suratu Tawbah with only Abi Khudhayma Al Ansari (he means he didn’t find it with any other Quran scribe) which is:" Verily, there has come unto you a Messenger (Muhammad) from amongst yourselves (i.e. whom you know well). It grieves him that you should receive any injury or difficulty. He (Muhammad) is anxious over you (to be rightly guided, to repent to Allah, and beg Him to pardon and forgive your sins, in order that you may enter Paradise and be saved from the punishment of the Hell-fire), for the believers (he is) full of pity, kind, and merciful.* But if they turn away, say (O Muhammad): "Allah is sufficient for me. None has the right to be worshipped but He, in Him I put my trust and He is the Lord of the Mighty Throne." (Quran 9:128-129).
As a result, the sheets on which Quran was documented were kept with Abi Bakr till his death, then were transferred to Omar, then to Hafsa Bint Omar may Allah be pleased with all of them.
Narrated under the authority of Abi Horaira may Allah be pleased with him that the Messenger of Allah salla Allah a`lyhee wa sallam when he finished one of the prayers in which the recitation is loud and said: Was any of you reciting with me during the prayer? A man answered: yes O Messenger of Allah. The Messenger said: I was telling myself why do I find Quran hard to recite? Abu Horaira said: As a result people refrained from reciting the Quran simulateneously with the Messenger during the prayers in which he recited loudly" (reported by Abu Dawoud, Termdhi, and Nasai)
For those who want to learn about Quran validity - Muslimah - 12-26-2012
Bismillah
Praise be to Allah, prayer and peace be upon His Messenger Mohamed Ibn Abdullah
Still on the Ayah:"
"Verily We: It is We Who have sent down the Reminder (i.e. the Qur'an) and surely, We will guard it (from corruption)." (Quran 15:9)
At the time when the Messenger salla Allah a`lyhee wa sallam came to Medina, Zaid Ibn Thabet who belongs to Bani Annajar (maternal uncles of the Messenger salla Allah a`lyhee wa sallam) was only 11 years old. Due to his young age, he couldn't take part in the battles of either Badr or Uhud. Khandaq (Ahzab) was the first battle in which Zaid participated followed by the other battles. A number of Zaid's family members took him to the Messenger salla Allah a`lyhee wa sallam and said: O Messenger of Allah salla Allah a`lyhee wa sallam, this is a young boy of Beni Annajar who memorized more than ten Surahs of what Allah revealed to you. The Messenger of Allah salla Allah a`lyhee wa sallam was pleased and answered: O Zaid learn the Jewish language for me because in the Name of Allah (Wallahi) I don’t trust the Jews if I write them letters to interpret it in a different manner. Zaid related that: for the sake of the Messenger salla Allah a`lyhee wa sallam I learnt their language. It took me only fifteen nights to excel it. I was responsible to read their letters to the Messenger salla Allah a`lyhee wa sallam and reply on his behalf when he needed to write back. Actually, this indicated an extraordinary level of intelligence. Zaid may Allah be pleased with him was one of a few people who managed, during the time of the Messenger salla Allah a`lyhee wa sallam, to memorize full Quran from those who memorized it.
"The most merciful among my Ummah on my Ummah is Abu Bakr, the hardest in regard to Deenu Allah is Omar, the most shy (one who possesses Haya because the word Haya-a is not only restricted on shyness but it is rather one of the most important morals of Islam. One who has Haya-a feels shy to let Allah Watch him/her while committing a sin, one who has Haya-a adopts a certain attitude that covers every aspect of like) is Othman, the best in regards to judgment issues is Ali Ibn Taleb, the most knowledgeable in terms of Halal and Haram is Mu`adh Ibn Jabal, the most knowledgeable in regard to inheritance laws is Zaid Ibn Thabet, and each Ummah (nation) has a custodian and the custodian of this Ummah is Abu O`baida Ibn Al Jarrah (reported by Anas, Ahmed and Nasa`i/ Bedayah and Nehaya).
Zaid may Allah be pleased with him took part in Al Yamama war against Musaylema the liar during which he was hit by an arrow but was not harmed. Abu Bakrel Seddeeq commanded him after these battles to track and compile the Quran. He told him: you are a sane wise young man against whom we have no charges, you scribed the revelation to the Messenger of Allah salla Allah a`lyhee wa sallam, so go ahead, track the Quran and compile it. He achieved what ElSedeeq commanded him with.
Allah Honored him with this mission which was a cause to communicate Quran in writing to the succeeding Muslim generations till the Day of Resurrection. Omar, when he went out three times for Haj and Sham, assigned him as deputy on Medina. Othman also assigned him as deputy on Median and Ali loved him.
Zaid highly regarded and appreciated Ali's position. However, he never took part in any of Ali's wars. Zaid was among those who scribed the first Mushafs which Othman sent to the different countries.
Muslim Ummah was consensus on reciting and scribing the Quran according to the font used on those Mushafs. Zaid's (may Allah be pleased with him) date of death is not certain varying between the year of 45, 51 or 54.
Zaid may Allah be pleased with him undertook the compilation of Quran under the supervision of Omar may Allah be pleased with him who sat a condition to not to accept any Quranic text unless two witnesses approve it.
Matter of fact the condition was even commanded by Abu Bakr ElSedeeq may Allah be pleased with him. However, Zaid failed to find the last Ayahs of Suratu Tawba starting from what Allah Say:
"Verily, there has come unto you a Messenger (Muhammad) from amongst yourselves (i.e. whom you know well). It grieves him that you should receive any injury or difficulty. He (Muhammad) is anxious over you (to be rightly guided, to repent to Allah, and beg Him to pardon and forgive your sins, in order that you may enter Paradise and be saved from the punishment of the Hell-fire), for the believers (he is) full of pity, kind, and merciful." except with only Khuzayma Ibn Thabet Alansari may Allah be pleased with him.
Yet, by virtue of the Messenger's salla Allah a`lyhee wa sallam evaluation who made Khuzayma's testimony equals that of two men, he placed it in its position.
What we understand from their statement: is that testimony must be made for the Ayah to be scribed. In other words, two men must testify that they have the Ayahs in a written format not in memorization format. For instance, Zaid Ibn Thabet, Abu Bakr, Omar and other companions memorized the Quran. However, Zaid never scribed it in the Mushaf unless saw it written with two people who must testify that they received it directly from the mouth of the Messenger salla Allah a`lyhee wa sallam.
The reason behind calling Khuzayma Ibn Thabet one of double testimony is that the Messenger salla Allah a`lyhee wa sallam bought a horse from a Bedouin and requested that he comes with him to receive the price. The Messenger rushed to his house to bring the money. But the Bedouin went slow.
A group of men met him and gave him a higher price than what the Messenger salla Allah a`lyhee wa sallam agreed with him on. They were not aware that the Messenger salla Allah a`lyhee wa sallam already made a deal on it. As the Messenger salla Allah a`lyhee wa sallam found out, he told the Bedouin: Didn’t I buy it from you? He said: no in the name of Allah (wallahi) I didn’t sell it to you. The Messenger salla Allah a`lyhee wa sallam said yes I did buy it from you. The Bedouin said: bring a witness.
At that time, Khuzaiyma may Allah be pleased with him was passing which coincided with the Bedouin saying bring a witness. Khuzaiyma said: I testify that you bought it from him O Messenger of Allah. When the Bedouin went away, the Messenger of Allah salla Allah a`lyhee wa sallam asked Khuzaiyma: were you attending the deal? He said no, but when I heard you confirming that he sold it to you, I was certain that this is the truth. O Messenger of Allah you say nothing but the truth. I believed you in what you introduced to us, I believed you in regard to the issue of sky, wouldn’t I believe you regarding this incident of the Bedouin?
The Messenger salla Allah a`lyhee wa sallam said whoever Khuzaima testifies for or against, his testimony would suffice (reported by Abdullah, Omarah, Musnad Abi Hanifa).
Khuzaiyma fought Uhud and the other succeeding battles with the Messenger of Allah salla Allah a`lyhee wa sallam. He martyred while fighting with Ali may Allah be pleased with him.
Ali may Allah honor his face said: Abu Bakr attained highest reward (Ajr) among people when it comes to Mushaf, he was the first who compiled the Quran in binding between two covers (annex of Tafseer Ibn Katheer).
The Mushaf consisted of the compilation of what Zaid Ibn Thabet may Allah be pleased with him recorded after Abu Bakr during his life which Omar took after his death. It remained at the possession of Omar till Mother of the believers Hasfa (his daughter) took it. She was the guardian over his endowments and inheritance. She kept it till her brother Abdullah Ibn Omar took it when she died. Marwan Ibn Alhakkam sent and took it then burnt it.
Narrated under the authority of Jaber may Allah be pleased with him that the Messenger salla Allah a`lyhee wa sallam said: One who prayed one Rak`a in which he didn’t recite the mother of Quran (Fatiha) didn’t actually pray (indicating that his prayer is invalid) unless praying behind an Imam(reported by Bukhari).
According to this hadeeth and that of Muslim, when the Imam says Allah u Akbar follow him with Allah u Akbar, then listen to him when he recites the Quran. This is based on Allah Saying: So, when the Qur'an is recited, listen to it, and be silent. However, majority of scholars, Malek, Abu Hanifa and Ahmed ruled that one who is praying behind an Imam is not obliged to recite Fatiha. Whereas Omar, Ali, Ubay Ibn Ka`ab, Ibn Omar, Abu Said Alkhudry, Hudhayfa, Abu HOraira, O`bada Ibn Assamet and a group of Tab`een (successors), scholars including Eshaq, Awza`y and Layth see that one who is praying behind an Imam is obliged to recite Fatiha even during loud prayer.
For those who want to learn about Quran validity - Muslimah - 12-26-2012
Bismillah
Praise be to Allah, King of the Kings and Creator of all creations, prayer and peace be upon His Messenger Mohamed Ibn Abdullah.
To continue on the Ayah:" "Verily We: It is We Who have sent down the Reminder (i.e. the Qur'an) and surely, We will guard it (from corruption)." (Quran 15:9)
Although the Ayahs of Quran were revealed separately throughout 23 years to serve on certain occasions or respond to questions raised to the Messenger salla Allah a`lyhee wa sallam, yet Allah Sobhanuh preserved His noble book in His Messenger's chest ordered in terms of the Surahs and Ayahs as we recite it in the present time.
Then Allah Assigned Abu Bakr, Omar and Zaid Ibn Thabet may Allah be Pleased with all of them to serve with the protection of His book. They managed to compile the parts of Quran which were documented in writing individually from the scribes of revelation and other Muslims who are proficient in Quran recitation in one Mushaf. Their effort, though, didn’t exceed that this Mushaf was kept with Abi Bakr, then Omar which ended up with the mother of the believers Hafsa may Allah be pleased with all of them.
However, this was only a preliminary step from Allah for the consequent efforts. At the time of Othman’s Khilafa may Allah be pleased with him, Hudhayfa Bin Alyaman participated with Iraqis and Sham people in the invasion of Erminia and Azərbaycan.
As soon as he returned to Medina, he went to meet Othman may Allah be pleased with him and told him: O Emir of the believers, try to extend help to this Ummah just before they corrupt the book as the Jews and Nasarah did with their books. Actually, his warning came after mixing with the people of Iraq and Sham during the time of the opening. Hudhayfa listened to their recitation, he observed that they use various recitations containing much differences among them which raised his utmost concern. That motivated him to ask Othman during their conversation to hasten and put an end to this fitnah (crisis).
Othman consequently became even more concerned and immediately sent for the mother of the believers Hafsa to hand in the Suhuf (sheets) she had in order to copy them and return them back. She did. Othman selected four of the companions of the Messenger salla Allah a`lyhee wa sallam, namely; Zaid Ibn Thabet Alansary who was already assigned by the Sedeeq to compile the Mushaf, Abdullah Ibn Azobair Bin Ala`wam AlQorashy Alassady who is one of the companions' best scholars in terms of knowledge, attitude, lineage and righteousness.
Among those who were assigned by Abu Bakr was Said Bin Ala`s Bin Umayah Alqorashy Alumaway who was known to be generous, he also spoke in a dialect that was closest to the Messenger’s salla Allah a`lyhee wa sallam as well as Abdur Rahaman Alqorashy Almakhzoumy.
He commanded them to take on a collective effort in writing down a copy of the Quran.
To this effect, he gave clear instructions to the three men from Quraish saying: in case you differ with Zaid about the style of recitation (spelling), write it down using the Quraishi dialect for it is the one on which the Quran was revealed with.
From this we understand that Othman ordered them to use Quraish’s spelling style which is for example the pronunciation of the Hamza and other letters for Quran originally was revealed in the Quraish dialect which was the Messenger’s as well as the most eloquent among other Arab dialects.
Jebreel only taught the Messenger salla Allah a`lyhee wa sallam to recite in other dialects just as a permission from Allah to facilitate the recitation and help people lay more emphasis on the meaning of the content without struggling to use a different way of pronunciation than what they are used to.
In order to give an example regarding the difference we are indicating here, when they wanted to write down the word ‘Tabut” which is casket Zaid saw to write it as ”Tabuh” using a ta marbouta (the letter in Arabic) but the other three decided it must be written using a ta maftouha (Tabut) which how it was written.
As soon as they completed the mission of writing the Mushaf, Othman gave back the sheets to Hafsah the mother of the believers and kept a copy in Medina, sent one to Mecca, another to Bassrah, one to Kufa, one to Sham, one to Yemen, and one to Bahrain according to Ibn Katheer.
However, I know that Egypt has one of those Othmani Mushaf. May be this copy was delivered to Egypt on a later time. For example, the Cesarean Russia had one of the Othmani copies, which the government, upon the eruption of the communist revolution gave it away as a gift to one of the Islamic countries. However, it was lost during transportation. May be this is the one which ended up in Egypt.
From this, we can safely conclude that what Othman may Allah be pleased with him actually achieved was to bring Muslims together on using the authentic recitations taken after the Messenger salla Alah a`lyhee wa sallam as well as a unified spelling for the words contained in the Mushaf.
As such the Muslim Ummah became consensus on the necessity to abide by it when producing Mushafs for worship and recitation.
Othman, after that, invalidated any other written Quran except what was produced under his supervision which may have been originally written using other Arab dialects. Regarding those other Arab dialect, Allah Made it permissible to facilitate the matter at the beginning of Quran revelation.
After that people memorized the Quran using Quraish dialect when it didn’t become necessary any more to benefit of the permission originally Given by Allah at the wake of Islam.
Othman made and implemented this decision during the life of all the great companions of the Messenger including Muhajereen and Ansar (immigrants and supporters) who all agreed with him.
Ali may Allah be pleased with him said never mention Othman with any comment except a good one, Wallahi (In the name of Allah), he did what he did with the Musahaef with agreement of all of us. He asked us: what is your opinion about this recitation? I was notified that there are some people who would comment saying my recitation is better than yours which is nearly Kufr. We asked him back, what do you think? He said: I see that people must be united to one Mushaf in order to avoid splitting and differences. We said: we agree with your opinion (Source: Swaida Bin ghafla, Abu Daouod, Itqan fee Oloum AlQuran)
Ali may Allah be pleased with him added: If Othman didn’t take this initiative I would have.
However, in the present time people are not really strict about using the same font and spelling applied in Mushaf when it comes to inserting Ayahs of Quran in texts of books and articles. It is rather allowed to using the modern writing style in order to make it easier for the reader.
Till the Umayed era, words written in Quran were missing the dots and signs of pronunciation (Tashkeel). Abdullah Ibn Marwan ordered to distinguish the letters of which Hajjaj Ibn Yusuf took the responsibility.
For this, he ordered Alhassan Albasry and Yahia Bin Omar to carry out the task which they did.
With this mission, the writing of Quran words came to us in the style we see today and Allah Fulfilled His promise saying:
“It is for Us to collect it and to give you (O Muhammad) the ability to recite it (the Qur'an), * And when We have recited it to you [O Muhammad through Gabriel], then follow you its (the Qur'an's) recital.” (Quran 75:17-18)
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Narrated under the authority of Ibn Abbass may Allah be pleased with both of them that the Messenger of Allah salla Allah a`lyhee wa sallam said:
I was commanded to prostrate on seven bones on the forehead and he indicated with his hand to the nose, hands, knees, tips of feet and we should not to prevent clothes and hair from falling down to the floor during prostration but rather to let them go.
(reported by Bukhari, Muslim, Abu Daoud, Termdhi and Nasaai
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For those who want to learn about Quran validity - Muslimah - 12-26-2012
Bismillah
Praise be to Allah, King of the Kings and Creator of all creations, prayer and peace be upon His Messenger Mohamed Ibn Abdullah.
To continue on the Ayah:" "Verily We: It is We Who have sent down the Reminder (i.e. the Qur'an) and surely, We will guard it (from corruption)." (Quran 15:9)
Was the Quran subject to distortion or falsification?
When we say distortion or falsification, here we refer to changing, hiding or adding a text of the book of Allah in a way that makes it part of it. As such, the falsification would be established and recited as part of the Quran which Allah Revealed and continue to be so. Actually, this situation is impossible when it comes to Quran. It didn’t and will not occur till the Day After. Rational and historical evidences stand strongly behind this judgment that makes this situation impossible. However, as for errors which may occur due to the erosion of printing molds or typos, it is a potential issue which is usually quickly discovered. In such cases, the faulted copies are immediately drawn off the market and burnt.
Not only the enemies of Islam were behind the claims of the falsification of Quran, but the first group who initiated these lies were a deviated sect of Shia who claim themselves to be Muslims at the early stages of Islam. They alleged that the Quran which was revealed to the Messenger salla Allah a`lyhee wa sallam was triple the size of what we have in hand today. Adding to the lies, they claimed that Quran continued to be revealed to Fatima Azzahraa (the Prophet's daughter) for forty days after the death of the Messenger. According to them, Abu Bakar and Omar plotted to omit two thirds of the Quran which was devoted to praising Ali and his household may Allah be pleased with all of them.
Refuting this claim is very easy as Ali himself was present in Medina during the time of Abu Bakr and Omar may Allah be pleased with all of them as well as scribes of the revelation along with hundreds of the companions who memorized the Quran through direct reception from the Messenger salla Allah a`lyhee wa sallam. Never this group of people would plot to omit just one word from the Quran leave alone two thirds. It is also irrational that Allah Dedicates two third of His final message to mankind to praise and commend Ali and his household while Allah Didn’t commend His Messenger who is best among mankind and to whom Quran was revealed. Only few Ayahs talk well about him as in:
" You (O Muhammad) are not, by the Grace of your Lord, a madman" (Quran 68:2)
" O Prophet (Muhammad)! Verily, We have sent you as witness, and a bearer of glad tidings, and a warner," (Quran 33:45)
" but if you help one another against him (Muhammad), then verily, Allah is his Maula (Lord, or Master, or Protector, etc.), and Gabriel, and the righteous among the believers, and furthermore, the angels are his helpers." (Quran 66:4)
As for the allege that Jebreel peace be upon him came to Fatima with revelation after her father's death, it is a claim that is not even worth effort to refute. None of the Messenger's salla Allah a`lhyee wa sallam household never mentioned such a thing. Additionally, Prophet hood is never assigned to women regardless of their high position.
As for the question posed by the enemies of Islam: What makes you certain that Quran throughout the past centuries was not subjected to any falsification? This is the point worth to be addressed.
Quran, since the inception of its revelation, was reserved in two forms concurrently, memorization in the hearts of the companions as well as written texts. Both lines, memorization and written forms protect one another against any mistakes. In case one who memorized (Hafez) the Quran was doubtful about an Ayah or Ayahs were similar, he would just look into the written documents. While in case one who reads in the written text finds discrepancy with what he memorized, would correct the written text accordingly.
It was also proved that strong measures were taken to handle the differences of recitations which were discovered after the death of the Messenger salla Allah a`lyhee wa sallam. Such measure was to copy the authenticated copies of Quran (Mushaf Iamam) and burn the rest in order to protect Quran against any discrepancies. Each Muslim, using what he/she memorize of Quran, shoulders the responsibility to ensure the correct recitation of his/her fellow Muslims as well as the contents of Mushaf. For example, if the Imam made a mistake during Salah even in the signs used to determine pronunciation of a word (Harakah or Tashkeel), those who pray behind him must correct the mistake. For example if the Imam recited the Ayah:
Wa 'idhā Ra'ayta thamma Ra'ayta Na`īmāan wa Mulkāan kabīrāan.
As:
Wa 'idhā Ra'ayta thumma Ra'ayta Na`īmāan wa Mulkāan kabīrāan. (which is only a change of the sing put over the tha), would certainly find someone who makes the correction immediately.
Or if recited: Ĥaqīqun `aláya 'an Lā 'aqūla `alá Allāhi 'illā al-Ĥaqqa qad Ji'tukum bibayyinatin min Rabbikum fa'arsil ma`ī banī 'isrā'īla.
Instead of Ĥaqīqun `alá 'an Lā 'aqūla `alá Allāhi 'illā al-Ĥaqqa qad Ji'tukum bibayyinatin min Rabbikum fa'arsil ma`ī banī 'isrā'īla.
Again would find one who corrects
Allah may He be Glorified actually put the love of memorization Quran into the heart of the Ummah of Quran. You will see in each generation a large number of individuals who memorize full Quran and larger number who memorize parts of it. Hafez of Quran (ones who memorize Quran) include all ages ranging between childhood to elderly. Even in our present time and regardless of wide spread of printed material which makes copies of Mushaf available in reasonable prices to all, yet we still find those who like very much to recite Quran from memory. To attain this, they spare no effort in order to be able to memorize. Thus, anyone who changes even one letter from Quran can be easily identified for the proper measures to be taken.
Narrated Ibn Abbass may Allah Be Pleased with both of them that the Messenger of Allah salla Allah a`lyhee wa sallam said:
The Prophet prayer and peace be upon him taught us tashahud (part of salah) just as he taught us Quran. He said: Attaheyyatul mobarakatu assalawatu attayyebatu lelah, assalam a`layka ayoha annabi wa rahamatu Allahe wa barakatuh, assalam a`liana wa a`la e`badellahe ssaleheen, Ashhadu alla ilaha ila Allah. In another narration, he added wahadhu la shareeka lahu wa ashhadu anna Mohamadan rasullah. (reported by Muslim, Abi Daoud, Termidhi and Nassai)
For those who want to learn about Quran validity - Muslimah - 12-26-2012
Bismillah
Praise be to Allah, King of the Kings and Creator of all creations, prayer and peace be upon His Messenger Mohamed Ibn Abdullah.
To continue on the Ayah:" "Verily We: It is We Who have sent down the Reminder (i.e. the Qur'an) and surely, We will guard it (from corruption)." (Quran 15:9)
Was the Quran subject to distortion or falsification?
Evidences from Quran that prove falsification as impossible
- Spelling of words: A large number of words of Quran were scribed using a totally different spelling than what we use at our present time. It was rather scribed in the spelling that was used at the time of Ta`been (successors). However, on certain positions, many times the used spelling was different from how the same word usually appeared. To further explain this, we bring the following examples:
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On another example, the letter Ya was omitted from the word of "fˉa `budūn " whenever it was mentioned in Quran except in the Ayah saying:" Wa 'ani u`budūnī Hādhā Şirāţun Mustaqīmun" (Surat Yaseen). The Ya was omitted as well from the word: "ikhshawn" except in Allah's Saying:" falā takhshawhum wa ikhshawnī" (Quran 2:150). The word "muhtad" appears also in Quran without the letter Ya at the end with the exception of Allah's Saying:" Man yahdi Allāhu fahuwa al-Muhtadī" (Quran 7:178).
Imam Jalale Deen Asseyoufi may Allah bestow mercy on his soul, dedicated one of the eight chapters of his book: "Excellence in the Science of Quran" to this topic in particular. The chapter was titled as "Spelling and tools of writing".
Imam Malek may Allah Bestow mercy upon his soul received a question on whether writing in the mushaf should be made according to the newly made spelling? His answer was no and that the original spelling and font style must be used. In other words, the spelling of the early Othmani.
Actually, Muslim scholars were all in agreement with what Imam Malek prescribed in this regard. He was also asked about the letters of Quran which are written but not pronounced (constant) such as the letters Waw and alef as in:"Ulowa". He still insisted not to change any of the spellings of the words as they appeared in the initial Mushaf.
Imam Ahmed may Allah Bestow mercy on his soul states: It is prohibited to violate the spelling as it appears in the initial (Imam) mushaf even regarding a letter of waw, Ya, alef or others.
Bayhaqi in his Parts of Faith book wrote: One who scribes a Mushaf must maintain the spelling as used by the first scribers without any change. He added, they were more versed in terms of knowledge, more truthful in the heart and tongue as well as more honest than us. We must never think that we may correct them in any way.
Now let us focus on the point we need to make here, in case there is a minimum possibility of amendment or change (let alone falsification) in Quran, the words that are not scribed in uniformity with how it appears in most of the positions would have been subject to this change. Keep in consideration that the spelling was decided upon through the consensus of scribers of the Othmani Mushaf.
Thus, there is no room to call it misspelling. Prior to the invention of printing methods, Mushafs were copied by hand. Yet, all the copies still maintained the same spelling used in the Othmani Mushaf.
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- The separated letters: 29 chapters (Surah) of Quran started with a number of separated l letters. They come in the form of either one letter such as in Sad, Qaf and Noun. Or two letters such as Ta ha, Ta seen, Ya seen and Ha meem, or in other positions they come in three letters such as in Alef Lam meem, Alef Lam Ra and Ta Seen meem. In other positions, they appeared in sets of four as in Alef meem Ra, Alef meem Sad. Five sets also were present in Quran as in Ka ha Ya A`yn Sad, Ha meem A`yn Seen Qaf. Such sets of letters are all of certain features. <ol>
<li>They don’t maintain the same position in Quran texts. Each of such letters represent an independent Ayahs in all of the chapters where it was included except Alef Lam Ra, Alef Lam Meem Ra, Ta Seen, Ya Seen Sad and Qaf and Noun each of them is a part of an Ayah. While for example Ka ha Ya A`yn Sad is an individual Ayah. But for instance, Ha meem A`yn Seen Qaf are two Ayahs. - Quran is originally based on the continuation of recitation which is proved through the haraka / tashkeel (signs placed to the letter to determine the pronunciation) even at the end of the Ayah. Although stopping at the end of each Ayahs is a Sunnah, yet the last word of each Surah or even the last word in the Mushaf which is "annas" included in Suratu Annas has a Kasrah under the letter seen to be pronounced as Annasi. This spelling is made based on the presumption of connecting the word annas with Surat Fatiha. For example,
"Wa 'innahu Laĥaqqu al-Yaqīni.51.
And Verily, it (this Qur'an) is an absolute truth with certainty.*
Fasabbiĥ biāsmi Rabbika al-`Ažīmi.2.
* So glorify the Name of your Lord, the Most Great." (Quran 69:51-52) Bismillah ArRahaman ArRaheem "Sa'ala Sā'ilun bi`adhābin Wāqi`in."
".A questioner asked concerning a torment about to befall" (Quran 70:1)
And also:"Al-Ladhī yuwaswisu fī Şudūri an-Nāsi. * Mina al-Jinnati wa an-Nāsi. ) Bismillah ArRahaman ArRaheem Alhamdulelah ..and the remaining of the Ayahs
."Who whispers in the breasts of humankind, ."Of jinns and men.". Note the signs that determine the pronunciation of each final letter.
However, the separated letters are based on the rule that one who recited stops on them without using a sign of tashkeel: Such as Alef Lam Meem, Ka Ha Ya A`yn Sad and Ha Meem * A`yn Seen Qaaf, as recited by the Messenger salla Allah a`lyhee wa sallam to the companions which was transmitted from generation to generation till our present time and shall remain the same till the Day of Resurrection.
None of the companions inquired about the meaning of such letters, neither did the Messenger salla Allah a`lyhee wa sallam commented on them. It was accepted by all groups including even the Kufar and people of the book without any discussion. While those groups; Kufar and people of the book were adopting an attitude of striving to identify a mistake which they may use as an argument against Islam.
Imam Sayouti commented on this issue saying: Unless Arabs recognized that it has an established indication, other wise they would have been first to object about it. Whereas the Messenger salla Allah a`lyhee wa sallam recited to them Ha Meem Fusilat, Sad and other separated letters without any objection on their part. On the contrary, they openly admitted the high level of eloquent style when they were anxiously looking for a pitfall or a slight mistake. As a result, this makes the issue as a well established matter that no one can object to. In case Quran was subject to falsification, wouldn’t the person involved focus first on such letters in any manner?
Narrated Abdullah May Allah Be Pleased with him saying: While praying behind the Messenger salla Allah a`lyhee wa sallam, we used to say Assalam a`la Allah, Assalam a`la xyz (peace be upon Allah or xyz). On another narration: Assalam a`la Jebreel, Assalam a`la Mickael. The Messenger salla Allah a`lyhee wa sallam told us one day: Allah Is Assalalm, thus when one sits during Salah (prayer) say: attaheyatu lellah, wassalawatu attayebat, assalalm a`lyaka ayuha annabi wa rahamtu Allah wa barakatu, assalam a`lyana wa a`la e`bandullah assalehyeen. Once the person say these words, they will cover each righteous servant of Allah whether in sky or on earth, ashhadu anna la ilaha ila Allah wa ashhadu anna Mohamdan a`bduh wa rasouluh. Then one may invoke upon Allah of whatever one desires either for Dunia or the Hereafter, before saying salam.
(Reported by Bukhari, Muslim, Abu Daoud, Nasaai, and Termidhi)