3) al-Malik
The King, The Ruler
The One who is king of all beings. The One who is the owner and ruler of this world.
The One who has supreme authority, and who is relied upon by everyone.
The One who has all ruling power over all beings, and is ruled by none.
From the root m-l-k which has the following classical Arabic connotations:
to possess, to own exclusively
to exercise authority to command
to have power over, command, reign
to have dominion over, to have ruling power
to have kingship
This name is used in the Qur'ân. For example, see 59:23
The name Malik signifies king, while the name the name Mâlik, by virtue of the â which intensifies the meaning, signifies something that is in some way greater than a king, and is often translated as master or lord. However, the exact differences between these names are not universally agreed upon.
By some traditions, al-Malik is considered to be the owner and king of this world, or of the beings of this world, while Mâlik al-Mulk is considered to be the supreme lord and master of all worlds, the known and the unknown, the manifest and the un-manifest.
Now Allah be Exalted THE TRUE KING! There is no God save Him, the Lord of the Throne of Grace.
(23:116)
4) Quddûs
The Most Holy, The Most Pure, The All-Perfect
The One who is pure, spotless, without blemish or fault.
The One who is far from, and untouched by, worldly imperfections or faults.
The One whose essence and attributes are of unimaginable purity and perfection.
The One who is beyond all human understanding of purity, perfection and holiness.
From the root q-d-s which has the following classical Arabic connotations:
to be pure, clean, spotless
to be far removed from impurity or imperfection
to be holy, sacred, hallowed
This name is used in the Qur'ân. For example, see 59:23
The ancient roots of the Arabic word Quddûs, as well as the Hebrew word Kadosh, point toward that which is set apart, different, that which is 'other'. Thus, al-Quddûs is known as the One who is set apart, distinctly different and separate from all worldly imperfections, sins and faults, the One whose perfection and righteousness are so 'other' that they cannot be grasped by mankind, the truly Blessed One.
The name al-Quddûs describes the unique, unimaginable purity and perfection that is Allâh, the One whose goodness and righteousness are beyond our understanding.
According to al-Qurturbi, the name al-Quddûs also describes the One who is glorified and revered by the angels.
The Merriam-Webster dictionary defines the word holy as:
Holy -- Exalted or worthy of complete devotion as one perfect in goodness and righteousness.
Whatever is in the heavens and on earth, doth declare the Praises and Glory of Allah; the Sovereign, THE HOLY ONE, the Exalted in Might, the Wise.
(62:1)
5) Salâm
The Source of Peace, The Flawless, The Source of Wholeness and Well-Being
The One who is perfect, whole, prosperous and content.
The One who is the source of all peace, wholeness and safety.
The One who has rendered all of creation to be perfect, whole, prosperous and content.
The One whose creation is free of imperfections, free of faults and free of error.
From the root s-l-m which has the following classical Arabic connotations:
to be peaceful, quiet, tranquil, content, friendly, reconciled
to be free from imperfections, free from faults, complete, whole, sound
to be safe, secure, well, healthy, prosperous
This name is used in the Qur'ân. For example, see 59:23
This ancient Semitic root of s-l-m implies every manner of wholeness, completeness and prosperity.
Many seek peace by struggling, battling and trying to impose their will on others, yet external peace will only prevail as a reflection of inner peace. The only path to outer peace is awareness of the tranquil depths of inner peace, and the only source of such inner peace is the One known as as-Salâm.
According to Râghib the word Islam, which arises form this same s-l-m root, means to enter into salm... which means to enter into peace, or to enter into wholeness. That is, the word Islam means to be at peace with or reconciled with the ways and decrees of Allâh, and is often described as self-resignation, surrender or submission to the will of Allâh.
He is Allah, than whom there is no other God, the Sovereign Lord, The Holy One, PEACE, The Keeper Of Faith, the Guardian, the Majestic, the Compeller, the Superb. Glorified be Allah from all that they ascribe as partner (unto Him).
(59:23)