Let us take a logical approach now, I mean outside the framework of how Quran explains itself and how it is really connected with each other.
How do you think that a man comes and tells people that he was tricked by shaytan and that part of what he said was not from Allah but rather thrown to him by shaytan? What reaction do you all expect from the recipients? Is it still to believe or to be totally deterred away? I say people would rather be deterred. Not only this, I would expect even those who originally followed to change their position.
But amazingly enough, people continued to believe him, continued to embrace Islam, continued to follow the call. And accept it. What type of a twisted logic is this to accuse the man who at the age of 12 was questioned by the monk Baheera about the lat waluza and hobal and he immediately replied that there is nothing more hateful to his heart than those idols. How come at the age of 40 and after receiving the message in a very careful and well organized manner from Allah, to easily be tricked by shaytan.
If u think for a moment, if this really occured, how did the Messenger salla Allah a`lyhee wa sallam managed to maintain his credibility? how was he able to verify the unfulfillment of the serious threat mentioned above? how did he explain that Jebreel took the situation so lightly? did he tell them O guys by the way, Jebreel came and corrected me on a few things? Do you think under such cirucmstances he could continue to enjoy the same level of credibilty, authenticity, responsibility and respect?
The fact the matter that people continued to embrace Islam and believe the Messenger prayer and peace be upon him, that Islam spread outside the boundaries of Arabia, that Islam spread even after his death in Asia only thru role model, all this together stand as a firm proof and strong evidence that this situation never occurred and that those who were unable to properly understand the Ayah opened doors to wrong explanations.
Only those who have a disease in the heart would accept this false logic. As we are all aware, this part was a subject to insertions from israilites sources only to distort and accuse the authenticity of Quran. Sorry to say, there are respected scholars who don’t exert enough effort and just take things for granted just because they heard so.
Even with this assumption, old scholars of tafseer like Ibn Katheer and Qortoby totally rejected this possibilty stating that such hadeeth are very strange and can never be taken as ground for such tafseer.
Alhamdulelah in this we seek nothing but Allah's satisfaction, Allah Is my witness and my only Judge.
Allah Sobhanhu wa Taala carefully protected His book as well as His final Messenger from any interception of shyatan and to Allah all the due Praise that we will never be able to fulfill what Allah Is worthy of praise.